# file: global_N2O_MM.dat # # Atmospheric measurements of N2O (Nitrous Oxide) # # Measurements are from the NOAA/ESRL/GMD/HATS flask program # (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/flask/flasks.html). # Instrument ID: Otto # # Location: Global -- Monthly Global-Hemispheric Means # See http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/site/site_table.html#hats_flask for # more information about flask sampling sites. # # The data reported are from samples collected approximately once per week in # matching, concurrent, flask pairs and later analyzed on a gas chromatograph # with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) located in Boulder, Colorado, USA. # This system uses two standard reference gases for calibration and has been # in operation since very early in 1995. # # A known, systematic, low-side bias in the N2O measurements performed on Otto # has largely been eliminated since January of 2009. Prior to this date, # offsets are added to these flask data for the purpose of combining them with # baseline N2O data from other monitoring systems (see # http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/ combined/N2O.html). The offsets -- 1.3 ppb # at Samoa and 0.6 ppb elsewhere -- were determined in reference to CATS data # (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/ insitu/cats) but have not been applied to # the Otto data reported here. # # These data represent monthly global and hemispheric mean estimates computed # using data from the monthly companion files named *_N2O_MM.dat, where * # refers to a 3-character baseline site code. For any given month in the more # recent period, data from as many as 12 sites may be used to derive the global # mean, including as many as 4 sites in the southern hemisphere and up to 8 in # the northern hemisphere. From north to south, these baseline sites include # ALT, SUM, BRW, MHD, THD, NWR, MLO, KUM, SMO, CGO, PSA, and SPO: # # ALT - Alert, Canada 82.45 N 62.51 W 190 m # SUM - Summit, Greenland 72.60 N 38.42 W 3209 m # BRW - Barrow, Alaska 71.32 N 156.61 W 11 m # MHD - Mace Head, Ireland 53.33 N 9.90 W 5 m # THD - Trinidad Head, California 41.05 N 124.15 W 107 m # NWR - Niwot Ridge, Colorado 40.05 N 105.59 W 3523 m # MLO - Mauna Loa, Hawaii 19.54 N 155.58 W 3397 m # KUM - Cape Kumukahi, Hawaii 19.52 N 154.82 W 3 m # SMO - Tutuila, Samoa 14.25 S 170.56 W 42 m # CGO - Cape Grim, Tasmania 40.68 S 144.69 E 94 m # PSA - Palmer Station, Antarctica 64.92 S 64.00 W 10 m # SPO - South Pole, Antarctica 89.98 S 24.80 W 2810 m # # The global and hemispheric uncertainties reported here are bootstrapped from # 1000 'resamples' of the input monthly means drawn in accordance with the # uncertainties reported in the companion files. # # PIs: Dr. James W. Elkins, Dr. Bradley D. Hall, # Debra J. Mondeel, J. David Nance # # National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) # Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) # 325 Broadway, R/GMD1 # Boulder, CO 80305-3328 # # Email: James.W.Elkins@noaa.gov; Bradley.Hall@noaa.gov # Phone: (303) 497-6224 (303) 497-7011 # # Email: Debra.J.Mondeel@noaa.gov; David.Nance@noaa.gov # Phone: (303) 497-6013 (303) 497-7002 # # Fax: (303) 497-6290 # # Data use policy: # If you use this data in a publication or report, we would appreciate that you # contact the principal investigators (PIs) first and discuss your interests. # The PIs can discuss the quality of the data and any potential problems with # its analysis. Please contact the PIs for more information. The data should # be cited in presentations or publications along the following lines: Nitrous Oxide # data from the NOAA/ESRL halocarbons flask program. # # Calibration scale: NOAA 2006A # See http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccl/scales.html for more information about # calibration scales. # # Units: ppb # # Mising value: "nan" # # Data Columns: # yr Year # mon Month # NHm Northern Hemispheric mean concentration of N2O in ppb # NHsd Northern Hemispheric standard deviation # SHm Southern Hemispheric mean concentration # SHsd Southern Hemispheric standard deviation # GLm Global mean concentration # GLsd Global standard deviation # N2Oottoyr N2Oottomon N2OottoNHm N2OottoNHsd N2OottoSHm N2OottoSHsd N2OottoGLm N2OottoGLsd 1995 1 310.835 0.621 309.640 1.039 310.237 0.602 1995 2 310.805 0.499 309.341 1.661 310.073 0.862 1995 3 310.517 1.191 310.058 0.453 310.288 0.640 1995 4 310.995 0.539 310.039 1.140 310.517 0.626 1995 5 310.407 0.513 310.447 0.818 310.427 0.473 1995 6 310.589 0.854 310.245 1.169 310.417 0.722 1995 7 310.627 0.851 310.283 1.135 310.455 0.691 1995 8 310.725 1.161 310.496 1.026 310.610 0.776 1995 9 310.799 0.559 310.040 0.750 310.419 0.463 1995 10 310.807 0.609 309.775 0.640 310.291 0.436 1995 11 310.981 0.580 311.029 1.346 311.005 0.725 1995 12 311.060 0.675 310.195 1.196 310.627 0.669 1996 1 310.784 0.703 310.511 0.967 310.648 0.586 1996 2 311.356 0.418 310.675 0.826 311.015 0.456 1996 3 311.193 0.560 310.417 0.618 310.805 0.417 1996 4 311.179 0.417 310.396 0.560 310.787 0.358 1996 5 311.420 0.529 310.207 0.514 310.813 0.357 1996 6 311.854 0.252 310.637 0.302 311.245 0.200 1996 7 311.884 0.388 310.760 0.550 311.322 0.339 1996 8 311.936 0.326 311.281 0.454 311.609 0.269 1996 9 311.855 0.299 311.417 0.388 311.636 0.238 1996 10 311.867 0.335 310.939 0.664 311.403 0.371 1996 11 312.114 0.352 311.482 0.489 311.798 0.298 1996 12 312.429 0.353 311.481 0.357 311.955 0.251 1997 1 312.232 0.279 311.423 0.463 311.828 0.270 1997 2 312.289 0.284 311.607 0.237 311.948 0.182 1997 3 312.126 0.253 311.264 0.303 311.695 0.197 1997 4 312.609 0.822 311.808 0.397 312.208 0.443 1997 5 312.273 0.945 311.375 0.512 311.824 0.530 1997 6 312.384 0.358 311.519 0.346 311.951 0.246 1997 7 312.528 0.284 311.879 0.267 312.203 0.194 1997 8 312.514 0.258 312.038 0.481 312.276 0.280 1997 9 312.685 0.294 312.022 0.486 312.354 0.282 1997 10 312.927 0.242 311.891 0.226 312.409 0.163 1997 11 313.046 0.282 311.925 0.353 312.485 0.225 1997 12 313.181 0.252 312.035 0.427 312.608 0.246 1998 1 313.330 0.292 312.580 0.411 312.955 0.253 1998 2 313.471 0.296 311.784 0.428 312.627 0.261 1998 3 313.420 0.280 311.557 0.232 312.489 0.177 1998 4 313.076 0.187 311.589 0.323 312.333 0.190 1998 5 313.261 0.264 311.719 0.230 312.490 0.174 1998 6 313.279 0.219 311.816 0.374 312.547 0.217 1998 7 313.049 0.175 312.359 0.564 312.704 0.296 1998 8 313.062 0.409 311.941 0.307 312.501 0.259 1998 9 313.545 0.262 312.379 0.352 312.962 0.229 1998 10 313.704 0.216 312.807 0.573 313.255 0.313 1998 11 313.763 0.191 313.521 0.306 313.642 0.176 1998 12 314.000 0.312 313.632 0.493 313.816 0.293 1999 1 314.124 0.235 313.614 0.395 313.869 0.229 1999 2 314.008 0.197 313.206 0.300 313.607 0.184 1999 3 314.098 0.261 313.479 0.388 313.788 0.233 1999 4 313.843 0.207 313.463 0.279 313.653 0.179 1999 5 313.849 0.184 313.141 0.412 313.495 0.227 1999 6 313.890 0.212 313.722 0.352 313.806 0.208 1999 7 314.087 0.143 313.239 0.437 313.663 0.233 1999 8 313.897 0.188 313.788 0.295 313.843 0.174 1999 9 314.067 0.192 313.831 0.624 313.949 0.323 1999 10 314.285 0.179 313.852 0.234 314.068 0.148 1999 11 314.302 0.191 313.777 0.315 314.039 0.186 1999 12 314.472 0.232 314.073 0.614 314.272 0.323 2000 1 314.515 0.235 313.985 0.366 314.250 0.220 2000 2 314.695 0.234 313.893 0.507 314.294 0.279 2000 3 314.276 0.228 313.563 0.302 313.920 0.189 2000 4 314.744 0.276 313.636 0.457 314.190 0.269 2000 5 314.682 0.315 314.615 0.506 314.648 0.303 2000 6 315.245 0.366 314.212 0.460 314.728 0.293 2000 7 315.124 0.322 314.327 0.715 314.726 0.388 2000 8 315.153 0.366 314.619 0.397 314.886 0.269 2000 9 315.271 0.302 314.432 0.560 314.851 0.311 2000 10 315.714 0.298 315.092 0.584 315.403 0.323 2000 11 315.497 0.216 314.793 0.332 315.145 0.198 2000 12 315.427 0.364 314.599 0.315 315.013 0.236 2001 1 315.678 0.238 314.530 0.464 315.104 0.258 2001 2 315.895 0.223 314.329 0.566 315.112 0.300 2001 3 315.880 0.266 314.187 0.529 315.034 0.288 2001 4 315.136 0.271 313.936 0.448 314.536 0.262 2001 5 316.207 0.216 314.314 0.300 315.261 0.186 2001 6 315.726 0.320 314.156 0.481 314.941 0.290 2001 7 315.515 0.348 314.741 0.680 315.128 0.379 2001 8 315.890 0.260 314.796 0.557 315.343 0.304 2001 9 315.599 0.242 315.046 0.554 315.322 0.315 2001 10 315.998 0.243 315.273 0.337 315.635 0.211 2001 11 316.155 0.261 315.564 0.448 315.860 0.258 2001 12 316.345 0.243 315.820 0.204 316.082 0.161 2002 1 316.518 0.186 315.718 0.537 316.118 0.282 2002 2 316.736 0.195 315.754 0.275 316.245 0.169 2002 3 316.587 0.203 315.178 0.524 315.883 0.285 2002 4 316.325 0.233 314.867 0.474 315.596 0.263 2002 5 316.493 0.211 314.881 0.445 315.687 0.248 2002 6 316.766 0.256 315.433 0.327 316.099 0.208 2002 7 316.673 0.231 315.469 0.324 316.071 0.196 2002 8 317.117 0.226 315.973 0.294 316.545 0.186 2002 9 316.857 0.210 315.973 0.409 316.415 0.224 2002 10 317.156 0.187 316.020 0.622 316.588 0.320 2002 11 317.364 0.184 315.898 0.448 316.631 0.242 2002 12 316.967 0.193 315.687 0.302 316.327 0.172 2003 1 316.712 0.259 315.415 0.427 316.064 0.248 2003 2 316.833 0.205 315.215 0.293 316.024 0.183 2003 3 316.813 0.181 315.698 0.390 316.256 0.213 2003 4 317.231 0.232 315.974 0.347 316.602 0.213 2003 5 317.473 0.208 315.987 0.377 316.730 0.211 2003 6 317.424 0.153 316.033 0.248 316.728 0.145 2003 7 317.703 0.218 316.414 0.278 317.058 0.178 2003 8 317.343 0.225 316.653 0.250 316.998 0.169 2003 9 317.547 0.214 316.480 0.334 317.014 0.200 2003 10 317.609 0.196 316.752 0.267 317.180 0.166 2003 11 317.869 0.178 316.870 0.220 317.370 0.137 2003 12 317.918 0.142 316.777 0.309 317.348 0.169 2004 1 317.388 0.200 316.541 0.652 316.964 0.345 2004 2 317.351 0.254 316.518 0.299 316.935 0.193 2004 3 317.695 0.260 316.831 0.467 317.263 0.269 2004 4 318.064 0.213 316.596 0.398 317.330 0.228 2004 5 317.665 0.213 316.576 0.248 317.121 0.164 2004 6 317.981 0.191 316.412 0.245 317.196 0.150 2004 7 318.074 0.282 316.737 0.285 317.405 0.201 2004 8 317.602 0.195 316.701 0.310 317.151 0.184 2004 9 317.578 0.265 316.893 0.498 317.236 0.284 2004 10 318.050 0.224 317.248 0.379 317.649 0.220 2004 11 318.734 0.349 317.344 0.371 318.039 0.253 2004 12 318.347 0.200 317.285 0.291 317.816 0.175 2005 1 318.833 0.191 317.607 0.290 318.220 0.174 2005 2 318.975 0.233 317.308 0.273 318.142 0.175 2005 3 318.982 0.165 317.293 0.411 318.138 0.223 2005 4 318.819 0.276 317.323 0.319 318.071 0.209 2005 5 319.129 0.276 317.461 0.314 318.295 0.207 2005 6 319.202 0.314 317.700 0.390 318.451 0.254 2005 7 319.036 0.278 317.324 0.507 318.180 0.293 2005 8 318.826 0.266 317.471 0.339 318.149 0.220 2005 9 318.852 0.262 317.673 0.240 318.262 0.183 2005 10 319.058 0.253 317.788 0.342 318.423 0.214 2005 11 319.425 0.296 318.339 0.381 318.882 0.242 2005 12 319.373 0.287 318.188 0.265 318.780 0.196 2006 1 319.579 0.206 318.117 0.342 318.848 0.199 2006 2 319.654 0.251 318.545 0.359 319.100 0.221 2006 3 319.676 0.226 318.534 0.375 319.105 0.218 2006 4 319.792 0.265 318.270 0.363 319.031 0.224 2006 5 319.973 0.256 318.357 0.387 319.165 0.232 2006 6 320.091 0.276 318.580 0.333 319.335 0.220 2006 7 320.119 0.220 318.535 0.310 319.327 0.192 2006 8 319.869 0.263 318.737 0.337 319.303 0.217 2006 9 319.724 0.241 318.841 0.268 319.282 0.183 2006 10 319.653 0.240 318.891 0.214 319.272 0.167 2006 11 319.951 0.209 319.083 0.328 319.517 0.199 2006 12 320.182 0.244 319.151 0.321 319.667 0.202 2007 1 320.577 0.264 319.015 0.301 319.796 0.201 2007 2 320.587 0.253 319.336 0.338 319.962 0.215 2007 3 320.424 0.289 319.211 0.608 319.817 0.332 2007 4 320.701 0.376 319.040 0.413 319.870 0.279 2007 5 320.136 0.293 318.769 0.332 319.453 0.224 2007 6 320.080 0.201 318.803 0.477 319.442 0.258 2007 7 320.276 0.289 318.758 0.329 319.517 0.222 2007 8 321.059 0.282 319.650 0.310 320.354 0.209 2007 9 320.971 0.170 319.903 0.654 320.437 0.341 2007 10 321.040 0.259 319.835 0.427 320.437 0.249 2007 11 320.613 0.215 319.557 0.380 320.085 0.221 2007 12 320.520 0.338 319.678 0.389 320.099 0.258 2008 1 320.752 0.270 319.793 0.352 320.273 0.226 2008 2 320.929 0.181 319.897 0.258 320.413 0.161 2008 3 321.045 0.216 319.973 0.374 320.509 0.217 2008 4 321.223 0.198 320.170 0.460 320.697 0.251 2008 5 321.256 0.254 319.995 0.378 320.626 0.226 2008 6 321.196 0.239 319.940 0.252 320.568 0.175 2008 7 321.249 0.183 320.058 0.321 320.653 0.186 2008 8 321.236 0.204 320.152 0.332 320.694 0.194 2008 9 321.765 0.226 320.381 0.249 321.073 0.169 2008 10 321.925 0.270 320.543 0.273 321.234 0.195 2008 11 321.859 0.241 320.838 0.282 321.348 0.188 2008 12 322.504 0.256 320.735 0.222 321.620 0.173 2009 1 322.017 0.224 320.780 0.274 321.398 0.180 2009 2 321.949 0.178 320.810 0.397 321.380 0.219 2009 3 322.147 0.236 321.105 0.263 321.626 0.179 2009 4 322.483 0.229 320.779 0.259 321.631 0.171 2009 5 322.391 0.221 320.719 0.397 321.555 0.228 2009 6 322.337 0.248 320.725 0.322 321.531 0.201 2009 7 322.725 0.262 320.747 0.282 321.736 0.192 2009 8 322.643 0.219 321.303 0.288 321.973 0.186 2009 9 322.392 0.223 321.250 0.327 321.821 0.195 2009 10 322.710 0.193 321.278 0.252 321.994 0.158 2009 11 322.784 0.188 321.475 0.384 322.129 0.214 2009 12 322.726 0.233 321.812 0.270 322.269 0.176 2010 1 322.964 0.217 321.732 0.303 322.348 0.184 2010 2 323.160 0.210 322.167 0.408 322.663 0.234 2010 3 323.391 0.223 321.990 0.258 322.691 0.173 2010 4 322.861 0.228 321.990 0.341 322.426 0.208 2010 5 322.755 0.204 321.829 0.353 322.292 0.203 2010 6 323.240 0.250 322.085 0.303 322.662 0.192 2010 7 323.557 0.208 321.935 0.319 322.746 0.191 2010 8 322.758 0.198 322.049 0.258 322.403 0.166 2010 9 323.173 0.280 322.985 0.259 323.079 0.197 2010 10 324.035 0.223 322.676 0.314 323.355 0.195 2010 11 323.601 0.199 322.827 0.388 323.214 0.218 2010 12 324.029 0.184 322.897 0.343 323.463 0.197 2011 1 324.138 0.180 322.918 0.238 323.528 0.149 2011 2 324.147 0.216 322.825 0.312 323.486 0.192 2011 3 324.355 0.217 322.978 0.282 323.666 0.182 2011 4 324.577 0.214 322.986 0.303 323.782 0.188 2011 5 324.345 0.200 322.839 0.284 323.592 0.168 2011 6 324.047 0.269 322.837 0.360 323.442 0.218 2011 7 324.633 0.280 322.932 0.389 323.782 0.239 2011 8 324.444 0.232 323.038 0.454 323.741 0.254 2011 9 324.393 0.271 323.341 0.433 323.867 0.257 2011 10 324.941 0.232 323.611 0.278 324.276 0.183 2011 11 324.641 0.209 323.930 0.312 324.285 0.188 2011 12 325.331 0.220 324.031 0.347 324.681 0.198 2012 1 325.198 0.206 324.121 0.328 324.660 0.189 2012 2 325.119 0.217 324.064 0.396 324.592 0.230 2012 3 325.274 0.258 323.908 0.468 324.591 0.265 2012 4 325.641 0.165 324.275 0.252 324.958 0.149 2012 5 325.179 0.189 324.584 0.564 324.882 0.297 2012 6 325.219 0.216 324.377 0.432 324.798 0.237 2012 7 325.191 0.158 324.182 0.298 324.686 0.166 2012 8 325.165 0.255 324.512 0.427 324.839 0.251 2012 9 325.416 0.255 324.401 0.348 324.908 0.210 2012 10 325.382 0.210 324.481 0.333 324.932 0.197 2012 11 325.313 0.188 324.729 0.349 325.021 0.197 2012 12 325.434 0.219 324.522 0.347 324.978 0.205 2013 1 325.690 0.262 324.810 0.482 325.250 0.281 2013 2 nan nan nan nan nan nan 2013 3 nan nan nan nan nan nan 2013 4 nan nan nan nan nan nan 2013 5 nan nan nan nan nan nan 2013 6 nan nan nan nan nan nan 2013 7 nan nan nan nan nan nan 2013 8 nan nan nan nan nan nan 2013 9 nan nan nan nan nan nan 2013 10 nan nan nan nan nan nan 2013 11 nan nan nan nan nan nan 2013 12 nan nan nan nan nan nan