# file: mlo_N2O_MM.dat # # Atmospheric measurements of N2O (Nitrous Oxide) # # Measurements are from the NOAA/ESRL/GMD/HATS flask program # (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/flask/flasks.html). # Instrument ID: Otto # # Location: MLO -- Mauna Loa, Hawaii -- 19.54 N, 155.58 W, 3397 m Elev. # See http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/site/site_table.html#hats_flask for # more information about flask sampling sites. # # The data reported are from samples collected approximately once per week in # matching, concurrent, flask pairs and later analyzed on a gas chromatograph # with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) located in Boulder, Colorado, USA. # This system uses two standard reference gases for calibration and has been # in operation since very early in 1995. # # A known, systematic, low-side bias in the N2O measurements performed on Otto # has largely been eliminated since January of 2009. Prior to this date, # offsets are added to these flask data for the purpose of combining them with # baseline N2O data from other monitoring systems (see # http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/ combined/N2O.html). The offsets -- 1.3 ppb # at Samoa and 0.6 ppb elsewhere -- were determined in reference to CATS data # (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/ insitu/cats) but have not been applied to # the Otto data reported here. # # These data represent monthly mean estimates computed using those data marked # with a 0 in flag column 7 of the companion file named "mlo_N2O_All.dat". With # flask samples collected only weekly on average, monthly sampling statistics # are poor at best. As a result, the error reported is either the standard # deviation of the mean or a floor single-sample precision estimate. # # PIs: Dr. James W. Elkins, Dr. Bradley D. Hall, # Debra J. Mondeel, J. David Nance # # National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) # Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) # 325 Broadway, R/GMD1 # Boulder, CO 80305-3328 # # Email: James.W.Elkins@noaa.gov; Bradley.Hall@noaa.gov # Phone: (303) 497-6224 (303) 497-7011 # # Email: Debra.J.Mondeel@noaa.gov; David.Nance@noaa.gov # Phone: (303) 497-6013 (303) 497-7002 # # Fax: (303) 497-6290 # # Data use policy: # If you use this data in a publication or report, we would appreciate that you # contact the principal investigators (PIs) first and discuss your interests. # The PIs can discuss the quality of the data and any potential problems with # its analysis. Please contact the PIs for more information. The data should # be cited in presentations or publications along the following lines: Nitrous Oxide # data from the NOAA/ESRL halocarbons flask program. # # Calibration scale: NOAA 2006A # See http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccl/scales.html for more information about # calibration scales. # # Units: ppb # # Missing value: "nan" # # Data Columns: # yr Year # mon Month # m Monthly mean concentration of N2O in ppb # sd Standard deviation of the mean (or single-sample precision value) # n Number of samples # N2OottoMLOyr N2OottoMLOmon N2OottoMLOm N2OottoMLOsd N2OottoMLOn 1994 1 nan nan 0 1994 2 nan nan 0 1994 3 nan nan 0 1994 4 nan nan 0 1994 5 nan nan 0 1994 6 nan nan 0 1994 7 nan nan 0 1994 8 nan nan 0 1994 9 nan nan 0 1994 10 nan nan 0 1994 11 nan nan 0 1994 12 311.650 1.245 1 1995 1 310.621 1.026 4 1995 2 310.914 0.894 3 1995 3 310.350 1.760 2 1995 4 310.701 0.710 4 1995 5 310.596 0.642 2 1995 6 310.793 1.454 3 1995 7 311.043 1.465 3 1995 8 310.922 1.448 3 1995 9 310.852 1.089 3 1995 10 310.844 0.915 4 1995 11 311.080 0.838 4 1995 12 311.477 1.841 3 1996 1 310.779 0.734 4 1996 2 311.628 0.852 3 1996 3 311.293 0.862 2 1996 4 310.966 0.768 3 1996 5 310.667 0.842 3 1996 6 311.681 0.490 5 1996 7 311.826 0.957 2 1996 8 311.963 0.681 4 1996 9 312.070 0.642 4 1996 10 311.870 0.437 4 1996 11 312.051 0.690 4 1996 12 312.589 0.903 4 1997 1 312.023 0.716 2 1997 2 312.056 0.519 3 1997 3 311.850 0.431 4 1997 4 312.226 0.576 2 1997 5 311.950 0.516 1 1997 6 312.599 0.884 2 1997 7 312.508 0.405 4 1997 8 312.437 0.426 4 1997 9 312.605 0.614 2 1997 10 313.283 0.357 4 1997 11 313.094 0.528 2 1997 12 313.428 0.410 5 1998 1 313.413 0.546 4 1998 2 313.216 0.317 4 1998 3 313.349 0.683 4 1998 4 312.898 0.339 3 1998 5 313.156 0.295 5 1998 6 313.167 0.505 3 1998 7 313.092 0.312 5 1998 8 313.570 0.613 5 1998 9 313.230 0.398 3 1998 10 313.672 0.420 3 1998 11 313.722 0.408 4 1998 12 314.030 0.292 4 1999 1 314.206 0.500 4 1999 2 314.413 0.523 5 1999 3 314.299 0.387 4 1999 4 313.947 0.488 3 1999 5 313.683 0.363 4 1999 6 313.981 0.545 5 1999 7 314.205 0.267 4 1999 8 313.955 0.375 5 1999 9 314.104 0.294 3 1999 10 314.283 0.352 4 1999 11 314.037 0.430 4 1999 12 314.429 0.407 4 2000 1 314.771 0.583 4 2000 2 314.811 0.532 5 2000 3 314.606 0.444 3 2000 4 314.693 0.501 3 2000 5 314.769 0.765 4 2000 6 315.899 0.869 3 2000 7 315.122 0.764 3 2000 8 315.476 0.812 4 2000 9 314.940 0.861 4 2000 10 315.564 0.671 4 2000 11 315.460 0.475 4 2000 12 315.589 0.976 2 2001 1 315.347 0.549 3 2001 2 315.896 0.482 4 2001 3 315.722 0.319 4 2001 4 315.233 0.724 4 2001 5 316.151 0.510 3 2001 6 315.651 0.701 4 2001 7 315.565 0.656 3 2001 8 315.916 0.623 3 2001 9 315.954 0.415 4 2001 10 316.085 0.473 3 2001 11 316.155 0.477 4 2001 12 316.123 0.538 3 2002 1 316.307 0.300 3 2002 2 316.321 0.494 3 2002 3 316.353 0.512 4 2002 4 316.381 0.516 4 2002 5 316.450 0.432 4 2002 6 316.864 0.513 5 2002 7 316.238 0.456 3 2002 8 317.197 0.479 4 2002 9 316.928 0.322 5 2002 10 317.323 0.481 4 2002 11 317.267 0.431 4 2002 12 317.064 0.434 5 2003 1 316.387 0.894 4 2003 2 317.023 0.446 2 2003 3 316.983 0.409 5 2003 4 316.568 0.396 3 2003 5 317.423 0.334 6 2003 6 317.098 0.293 6 2003 7 317.656 0.452 4 2003 8 317.608 0.732 3 2003 9 317.639 0.605 4 2003 10 317.924 0.363 4 2003 11 317.908 0.495 4 2003 12 318.020 0.320 4 2004 1 317.694 0.556 3 2004 2 318.039 0.487 5 2004 3 317.462 0.535 3 2004 4 317.995 0.368 4 2004 5 317.783 0.478 3 2004 6 318.031 0.433 5 2004 7 318.249 0.476 3 2004 8 317.777 0.463 4 2004 9 318.138 0.520 4 2004 10 318.233 0.617 4 2004 11 318.340 0.584 3 2004 12 317.962 0.353 5 2005 1 318.538 0.423 4 2005 2 318.698 0.385 4 2005 3 318.314 0.407 5 2005 4 318.763 0.564 3 2005 5 318.812 0.429 5 2005 6 319.087 0.376 4 2005 7 319.153 0.414 4 2005 8 318.790 0.638 5 2005 9 318.490 0.448 4 2005 10 318.802 0.428 4 2005 11 319.424 0.819 5 2005 12 319.233 0.639 4 2006 1 318.833 0.479 4 2006 2 319.302 0.540 5 2006 3 319.651 0.616 4 2006 4 319.413 0.328 4 2006 5 319.624 0.618 4 2006 6 319.189 0.708 4 2006 7 320.193 0.534 3 2006 8 319.625 0.472 5 2006 9 319.530 0.528 4 2006 10 319.487 0.426 4 2006 11 319.517 0.424 5 2006 12 320.300 0.508 4 2007 1 320.090 0.570 4 2007 2 320.110 0.571 5 2007 3 320.162 0.757 4 2007 4 320.411 0.811 4 2007 5 319.408 0.533 4 2007 6 319.604 0.442 4 2007 7 319.841 0.524 4 2007 8 320.588 0.579 5 2007 9 320.543 0.322 4 2007 10 321.038 0.822 4 2007 11 320.665 0.445 5 2007 12 320.414 0.645 3 2008 1 320.686 0.467 4 2008 2 320.347 0.415 5 2008 3 320.514 0.631 4 2008 4 321.130 0.417 5 2008 5 321.005 0.585 4 2008 6 321.017 0.698 4 2008 7 321.230 0.468 5 2008 8 321.367 0.399 4 2008 9 321.736 0.641 4 2008 10 321.566 0.493 5 2008 11 321.918 0.641 4 2008 12 322.557 0.569 4 2009 1 322.280 0.505 5 2009 2 321.654 0.380 4 2009 3 321.906 0.549 3 2009 4 322.462 0.459 5 2009 5 322.132 0.503 4 2009 6 322.474 0.605 4 2009 7 322.457 0.530 5 2009 8 322.680 0.516 2 2009 9 322.630 0.443 4 2009 10 322.765 0.328 4 2009 11 322.740 0.587 4 2009 12 322.926 0.683 4 2010 1 323.044 0.570 4 2010 2 323.197 0.384 4 2010 3 323.460 0.563 5 2010 4 322.822 0.483 3 2010 5 322.686 0.462 5 2010 6 323.091 0.831 4 2010 7 323.315 0.464 4 2010 8 322.503 0.432 5 2010 9 323.524 1.019 4 2010 10 324.140 0.596 4 2010 11 323.942 0.486 4 2010 12 324.409 0.477 4 2011 1 324.247 0.414 4 2011 2 324.158 0.541 4 2011 3 324.497 0.396 4 2011 4 324.220 0.342 3 2011 5 324.297 0.416 5 2011 6 324.378 0.649 4 2011 7 324.492 0.337 4 2011 8 324.818 0.522 5 2011 9 324.717 0.550 3 2011 10 325.000 0.457 4 2011 11 324.763 0.435 5 2011 12 325.142 0.562 4 2012 1 325.347 0.517 4 2012 2 325.146 0.559 4 2012 3 325.066 0.567 4 2012 4 325.382 0.351 5 2012 5 325.291 0.413 3 2012 6 325.152 0.527 4 2012 7 325.298 0.324 5 2012 8 324.925 0.474 4 2012 9 325.400 0.537 3 2012 10 325.481 0.425 5 2012 11 325.100 0.369 4 2012 12 325.469 0.501 4 2013 1 325.832 0.444 3 2013 2 325.837 0.737 4 2013 3 325.843 0.440 4 2013 4 325.793 0.427 4 2013 5 326.293 0.591 4 2013 6 326.271 0.641 3 2013 7 326.413 0.818 3 2013 8 326.829 0.791 4 2013 9 326.200 17.228 1 2013 10 326.450 0.573 2 2013 11 325.710 0.766 1 2013 12 nan nan 0 2014 1 nan nan 0 2014 2 nan nan 0 2014 3 nan nan 0 2014 4 nan nan 0 2014 5 nan nan 0 2014 6 nan nan 0 2014 7 nan nan 0 2014 8 nan nan 0 2014 9 nan nan 0 2014 10 nan nan 0 2014 11 nan nan 0 2014 12 nan nan 0 2015 1 nan nan 0 2015 2 nan nan 0 2015 3 nan nan 0 2015 4 nan nan 0 2015 5 nan nan 0 2015 6 nan nan 0 2015 7 nan nan 0 2015 8 nan nan 0 2015 9 nan nan 0 2015 10 nan nan 0 2015 11 nan nan 0 2015 12 nan nan 0 2016 1 nan nan 0 2016 2 nan nan 0 2016 3 nan nan 0 2016 4 nan nan 0 2016 5 nan nan 0 2016 6 nan nan 0 2016 7 nan nan 0 2016 8 nan nan 0 2016 9 nan nan 0 2016 10 nan nan 0 2016 11 nan nan 0 2016 12 nan nan 0