# file: ush_N2O_All.dat # # Atmospheric measurements of N2O (Nitrous Oxide) # # Measurements are from the NOAA/ESRL/GMD/HATS flask program # (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/flask/flasks.html). # Instrument ID: Otto # # Location: USH -- Ushuaia, Argentina -- 54.82 S, 68.33 W, 20 m Elev. # See http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/site/site_table.html#hats_flask for # more information about flask sampling sites. # # The data reported are from samples collected approximately once per week in # matching, concurrent, flask pairs and later analyzed on a gas chromatograph # with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) located in Boulder, Colorado, USA. # This system uses two standard reference gases for calibration and has been # in operation since very early in 1995. # # A known, systematic, low-side bias in the N2O measurements performed on Otto # has largely been eliminated since January of 2009. Prior to this date, # offsets are added to these flask data for the purpose of combining them with # baseline N2O data from other monitoring systems (see # http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/ combined/N2O.html). The offsets -- 1.3 ppb # at Samoa and 0.6 ppb elsewhere -- were determined in reference to CATS data # (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/ insitu/cats) but have not been applied to # the Otto data reported here. # # These data represent mean estimates from pairs of concurrently-collected # flask samples based on several injections from each flask. Mean estimates # are derived for each individual flask, then the flask estimates are combined # into a single estimate for the pair. Ideally, each concentration is estimated # three different ways using three simple calibration curves. A two-point # calibration is derived from nearby responses to both reference gases # considered in unison, and separate one-point calibrations are derived from # nearby responses to each reference gas considered in isolation from the # other. These estimates are then reconciled in accordance with the method # outlined at # # ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/hats/doc/HATSflaskECDanalysis.docx # # A series of seven binary QC flag fields is included with each entry. In order # from left to right, a 1 signifies that 1) a single reference gas was used for # calibration, 2) one or more sample injections occurred at subambient flask # pressure (raising the risk of contamination), 3) the precision of the # estimate is worse than 2.5% of the mean, 4) the estimate has been flagged -- # either by a loess-based statistical outlier algorithm, or, on occasion, # selectively -- as "suspect", 5) the estimate is based on a single flask # sample with a missing paired partner, 6) the estimates from the individual # flask partners disagree by more than twice their summed precisions. The # seventh and final flag is turned on whenever one of flags 4, 5 or 6 is # thrown. This is to conveniently mark samples that are excluded from the # computation of monthly mean values presented in the companion file named # "ush_N2O_MM.dat". Flags 1, 2 and 3 are considered purely descriptive in # nature, serving only to raise suspicion of a sample. Flag 4 promotes any # suspicion to exclusionary status. The algorithm used for setting flag 4 is # applied only to baseline (i.e. coastal, high-altitude, or otherwise remote) # sites. Samples from continental sites known to have nearby urban influences # (e.g. HFM, ITN, and LEF) are flagged as suspect only when obvious # chromatography issues were present during the analysis. This elevates the # risk of sample over-exclusion (i.e. false positives occurring in flag 4 and # hence also in flag 7) among the baseline sites, while for the continental, # urban-influenced sites there is a greater risk of sample under-exclusion. # # PIs: Dr. James W. Elkins, Dr. Bradley D. Hall, # Debra J. Mondeel, J. David Nance # # National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) # Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) # 325 Broadway, R/GMD1 # Boulder, CO 80305-3328 # # Email: James.W.Elkins@noaa.gov; Bradley.Hall@noaa.gov # Phone: (303) 497-6224 (303) 497-7011 # # Email: Debra.J.Mondeel@noaa.gov; David.Nance@noaa.gov # Phone: (303) 497-6013 (303) 497-7002 # # Fax: (303) 497-6290 # # Data use policy: # If you use this data in a publication or report, we would appreciate that you # contact the principal investigators (PIs) first and discuss your interests. # The PIs can discuss the quality of the data and any potential problems with # its analysis. Please contact the PIs for more information. The data should # be cited in presentations or publications along the following lines: Nitrous Oxide # data from the NOAA/ESRL halocarbons flask program. # # Calibration scale: NOAA 2006A # See http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccl/scales.html for more information about # calibration scales. # # Units: ppb # # Missing value: "nan" # # Data Columns: # yr Year # mon Month # day Day of the Month # hour Hour of the Day # min Minute of the Hour # m Mean flask-pair concentration of N2O in ppb # sd Standard deviation # pid Flask-pair ID # ftype Type of flasks in pair # U: unknown # S: stainless steel # G: glass # B: both (i.e. one of each) # flag1 0: normal (this also applies to all flags that follow) # 1: a single reference gas was used for calibration # flag2 1: one or more sample injections occurred at subambient pressure # flag3 1: precision > 2.5% of estimated concentration # flag4 1: marked suspect by a loess-based statistical outlier algorithm # flag5 1: single flask with missing paired partner # flag6 1: paired partners disagree by more than twice their summed # precisions # flag7 1: sample excluded from monthly mean computations ("ush_N2O_MM.dat") # N2OottoUSHyr N2OottoUSHmon N2OottoUSHday N2OottoUSHhour N2OottoUSHmin N2OottoUSHm N2OottoUSHsd N2OottoUSHpid N2OottoUSHftype N2OottoUSHflag1 N2OottoUSHflag2 N2OottoUSHflag3 N2OottoUSHflag4 N2OottoUSHflag5 N2OottoUSHflag6 N2OottoUSHflag7 2004 05 28 16 00 316.701 0.324 04130 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2004 06 11 16 30 317.372 0.527 04131 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2004 07 06 15 05 316.544 0.855 04319 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2004 07 26 14 54 317.582 0.797 04322 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2004 08 11 13 35 320.582 0.803 04320 S 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2005 04 05 13 35 317.320 0.592 04772 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2005 05 18 14 50 319.755 0.969 04901 S 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2005 06 15 14 19 317.509 0.691 04889 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2005 07 10 15 14 319.389 0.916 04918 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2005 08 28 14 30 317.998 0.415 04917 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2005 09 19 14 19 318.904 0.603 04933 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2006 01 04 13 54 320.350 0.658 05236 S 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2006 01 25 14 14 318.662 0.759 05221 S 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2006 02 23 13 54 318.993 1.385 05220 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2006 03 15 14 24 318.740 0.552 05345 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2006 03 31 13 04 319.711 0.564 05346 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2006 06 07 13 14 318.283 0.799 05482 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2006 07 27 10 18 319.867 0.586 05483 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2006 08 16 13 04 320.986 0.619 05484 S 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2006 09 26 14 10 319.269 0.544 05670 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2006 10 24 14 00 319.860 0.507 05671 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2006 12 28 13 44 318.837 1.479 05797 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2007 02 19 14 10 319.319 1.374 05796 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2007 04 02 14 15 318.394 0.675 05943 S 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2007 05 12 14 14 319.869 0.387 06062 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2007 06 06 13 54 319.943 0.520 06063 S 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2007 06 27 14 30 320.562 0.299 06064 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2007 08 07 13 54 318.397 1.167 06113 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2007 08 31 13 49 319.691 0.361 06114 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2007 11 02 13 29 319.777 0.637 06230 S 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2007 11 26 12 57 318.709 0.608 06361 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2008 01 14 13 40 319.738 0.456 06362 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2008 03 04 13 10 320.821 0.718 06530 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2008 03 18 12 30 319.518 0.622 06531 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2008 04 22 12 44 319.758 0.672 06532 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2008 06 11 12 45 320.277 1.497 06634 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2008 08 22 13 50 321.175 0.612 06912 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2008 09 12 12 55 321.400 0.801 06913 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2008 10 09 13 49 322.026 0.989 06914 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2008 12 26 13 25 320.462 0.634 06995 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 01 09 13 34 321.572 0.447 06994 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 04 06 13 00 321.119 1.038 07119 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 04 27 13 24 320.461 0.465 07311 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 05 30 15 35 320.710 0.552 07312 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 07 15 13 30 321.549 0.510 07313 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 08 07 14 40 321.191 0.780 07314 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 09 25 14 39 321.645 0.529 07393 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 11 06 17 11 321.818 0.399 07535 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 11 23 20 53 321.745 0.494 07536 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 12 11 13 59 322.020 0.432 07568 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2010 01 15 15 54 322.331 0.474 07663 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2010 01 29 16 05 322.098 0.494 07664 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2010 04 18 16 19 322.219 0.671 07828 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2010 05 14 16 45 322.359 0.673 07829 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2010 05 28 16 34 322.079 0.481 07824 S 0 0 0 1 0 0 1