This figure shows the seasonal pattern for mass flux of upward moving air (in units of 1 x 10⁸ kg/sec) through the tropics as defined by latitudes from 10^o N to 10^o S. The 2 lines are the calculation done using either UARS UKMO temperatures (solid line) or the NMC stratospheric analysis temperatures (dotted line). For more information, please see Rosenlof [1995] or contact Dr. Karen Rosenlof.

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Reference:

Rosenlof, K. H., Seasonal cycle of the residual mean meridional circulation, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 5173-5191, 1995.