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Category: Main/Abstracts/Land Use and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle


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  SOIL CO2 CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES IN A PLOW-MANAGED AGRICULTURAL FIELD, A GRASS FIELD AND A FOREST 
Description:

In this paper we briefly introduce our results of soil CO2 concentrations in an arable field in the campus of NIAES, a grass field and a pine forest in central mountaneous area in Japan.  The soil CO2 concentrations seasonally variated with soil temperature changes at all the three sites.  Temporal variations in CO2 concentrations in the arable and the grass field were more linked to changes in soil moisture than those in the forest. Soil CO2 concentrations were generally largest in the grass field. CO2 concentrations at the grass field and pine forest under snow cover showed positive relationship with snow depth.


Author's Names: S. Yonemura, M. Yokozawa, Y. Shirato, S. Sekikawa, et al
Filesize: 482.89 Kb
Added on: 09-Aug-2005 Downloads: 19
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  SOIL CO2 FLUX FROM A TROPICAL DRYLAND RICE-BARLEY-FALLOW AGROECOSYSTEM: IMPACT OF APPLICATION ... 
Description:
Information on loss of carbon in form of CO2 from the soil in response to soil amendments is wanting in tropical dryland agroecosystems. This two year study of soil CO2 in tropical dryland agroecosystem supporting rice-barley-fallow annual sequence involved addition of equivalent amount of N through chemical fertilizer and three organic inputs (high quality resource, low quality resource, and high and low quality resource combined) besides control. A marked seasonal variation was noticed in CO2 flux in all treatments, with higher levels obtained during rice crop (warm-wet period) and considerably decreased flux during barley crop (cool dry, period). CO2 flux differed in various treatments. In terms of annual mean, low quality input showed 92% greater CO2 flux relative to control (127 mg CO2 m-2 hr-1) whereas combined input showed 75% increase. However, the CO2 flux expressed on the basis of per unit exogenous carbon added was ca.100 times higher in case of fertilizer relative to low quality input application (ca. 11 mg CO2 g-1 C hr-1) (cf. High quality input, 3 times, and combined input 1.5 times greater). These results show that CO2 flux is more related to C input than the input of N.

Author's Names: N. Ghoshal, S. Singh, and K.P. Singh
Filesize: 41.00 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 21
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  SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF CO2, CH4 AND N2O FLUXES IN THE TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS OF ...  Popular
Description:

The magnitude and spatial pattern of the emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from China’s terrestrial ecosystems are poorly understood. In this study, we have used a coupled biogeochemistry model in conjunction with remote-sensing and field data to quantify spatial and temporal patterns of CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in the terrestrial ecosystems of China since 1980. We have documented the patterns of land-use change across China from 1980 to present and quantified the consequences of land transformations on productivity in natural and managed ecosystems. We also examine how the fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O have changed as a result of multiple stresses and interactions among those stresses including land-use change, climate variability, atmospheric composition (carbon dioxide and tropospheric ozone), precipitation chemistry (nitrogen composition), and fire frequency through using factorial simulation experiments with the coupled biogeochemistry model. The estimates of CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions from the terrestrial ecosystems of China are evaluated through comparisons with the results of field studies within China.


Author's Names: H. Tian, M. Liu, W.Ren, X. Xu, G. Chen, and H. Chen
Filesize: 13.13 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 93
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  SPATIAL PATTERNS OF CARBON RESIDENCE TIMES AND SEQUESTRATION CAPACITY IN ECOSYSTEM OF THE ... 
Description:

To properly model carbon (C) sequestration capacity and its spatial pattern in the conterminous USA, the model parameters of C turnover times should be identified. In this study, we inversed the C turnover times based on a process-based model that combining Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA model) and vegetation and soil carbon transfer (VAST) model. The genetic algorithm was used in this study to search for optimal parameters of C turnover times. After inversing the spatial pattern of C turnover times, we modeled the carbon sequestration capacity by using a forward model under current NPP increase trend that derived from satellite data.


Author's Names: T. Zhou, and Y. Luo
Filesize: 174.10 Kb
Added on: 09-Aug-2005 Downloads: 25
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  SPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED CO2, SENSIBLE, AND LATENT HEAT FLUXES OVER THE SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS 
Description:

Vegetation strongly influences the spatial distribution of sensible and latent heat fluxes, and also controls ecosystem-atmosphere CO2 exchange. We describe here a methodology to estimate surface energy fluxes and Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of CO2 continuously over the Southern Great Plains, using (1) data from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program in Oklahoma and Kansas; (2) meteorological forcing data from Mesonet facilities; (3) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) soil database; (4) MODIS NDVI at 250 meters resolution; and (5) a tested carbon and isotope land-surface model (ISOLSM, based on LSM1.0 [Bonan 1996]). The need for distributed ecosystem modeling was demonstrated by the large spatial variability in CO2 fluxes across the region, which is typically modeled as homogeneous cropland. This work addresses U.S. national goals of estimating regional CO2 sources and sinks, and provides inputs to forward and inverse models.


Author's Names: S.C. Biraud, W.J. Riley, M.L. Fischer, M.S. Torn, J.A. Berry
Filesize: 424.23 Kb
Added on: 26-Jul-2005 Downloads: 34
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  SPATIO-TEMPORAL EVALUATION OF SOIL CARBON STORAGE OF CROPLANDS IN JAPAN 
Description:

We evaluated the current status and the future projection of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in Japanese croplands (paddy and upland), using a soil carbon turnover model. The model based on the RothC involves the modification after verification of turnover processes of SOC for the main soil type in Japan, Andosols. The objectives of this study are to i) evaluate the spatial distribution of SOC storage, ii) estimate the annual input organic matter for reaching the equilibrium, and iii) simulate time changes of SOC storage with changing agricultural practices as well as climate conditions.


Author's Names: M. Yokozawa, Y. Shirato, S. Yonemura and T. Sakamoto
Filesize: 59.58 Kb
Added on: 09-Aug-2005 Downloads: 24
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  SYNTHESIS OF TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP SCALING OF REGIONAL TERRESTRIAL CARBON DIOXIDE ... 
Description:

Quantifying the regional scale (10-1000 km) exchange of carbon dioxide between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is vital for understanding the spatial and temporal variation in global CO2 flux. Multiple investigations of top-down and bottom-up regional flux scaling are currently underway in the northern Great Lakes region, USA. Landscape and regional scale CO2 fluxes from multiple line of evidence, including eddy covariance multi-tower aggregation, tall-tower flux footprint decomposition, ecosystem modeling, CO2 mixing ratio boundary layer budgets and regional inversions reveal variations in CO2 flux arising from variations in vegetation type, canopy structure and interannual climate variability. With careful calibration, encouraging consistency is seen from several independent regional flux estimates. Without parameter optimization and high resolution maps of land cover, global scale remote-sensing and ecosystem-model CO2 flux estimates fail to accurately capture the local regional CO2 flux. These results represent a first attempt to cross-compare multiple top-down and bottom-up regional flux estimates.


Author's Names: A.R. Desai, W. Wang, D.M. Ricciuto, B.D. Cook, et al
Filesize: 27.47 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 39
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  TALL TOWER CARBON BUDGET MONITORING AND RESEARCH PROGRAMS IN HUNGARY 
Description:

The mixing ratio and the surface-atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide have been monitored at different elevations on a tall tower in West Hungary (Hegyhátsál, 46o57'N, 16o39'E, 248 m asl) since 1994 and 1997, respectively. The vertical mixing ratio profile measurements along the 115 m tall tower has been completed with occasional aircraft measurements up to 3000 m above the ground. The poster presents the Hungarian tall tower site and the temporal variation of carbon dioxide observed here. We discuss the region of influence determining the mixing ratio variability, the so-called concentration footprint, as well as that of the flux measurements. Methodological problems caused by the elevated monitoring levels, and their solutions, are also given. The environmental factors governing the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of the vegetation are analyzed by means of a process oriented ecosystem simulation model. It might be used to estimate the future behavior of the region as the climate is changing. On the basis of the measurements at Hegyhátsál a boundary layer model has been developed which can give rough surface-atmosphere carbon dioxide flux estimate for sites where only surface mixing ratio monitoring is available.


Author's Names: L. Haszpra, Z. Barcza, D. Hidy, T. Szabó, and K. Tarczay
Filesize: 30.71 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 23
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  TEMPERATURE CONTROLS ECOSYTEM CO2 EXCHANGE IN AN ALPINE MEADOW ON THE QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU 
Description:

We examined CO2 flux over an alpine meadow on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau to elucidate how temperature controls the carbon dynamics. The CO2 flux was measured in a Kobresia meadow at an elevation of 3200m above sea level from 2002 to 2004 using the eddy covariance technique. The alpine meadow was a weak sink of atmospheric CO2 with net ecosystem production (NEP) of 193 g C m-2 yr-1 for 2004, which was about twice of that for the other two years. Both the low ecosystem respiration (ER) and high gross primary production (GPP) contributed the high NEP in 2004. The annual GPP was 34g Cm-2 and 105 g C m-2 higher in 2004 than 2003 and 2002, respectively. The lowest GPP of 2002 was clearly due to the low GPP in the autumn season when remarkably high air and soil temperature were recorded. The low ER in 2004 was due to mainly the small ER in the summer period when temperature was much lower than other years. In 2004, the growing season was estimated to be about two weeks longer than the other two years. The advance of growing season in 2004 corresponded well to the temperature elevation in the spring season. Further analysis showed that the day/night difference in soil temperatures was positively correlated to the daily net ecosystem CO2 exchange. The study suggests that temperature environment plays the major role in the annual variation of NEP in the alpine meadow ecosystem.


Author's Names: Y. Tang, T. Kato, S. Gu, M. Hirota, M. Du and X. Zhao
Filesize: 123.13 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 22
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  TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF CO2-CH4 SOURCE-SINK STRENGTH IN NORDIC ECOSYSTEMS 
Description:

In 2003 a Nordic Centre of Excellence on Ecosystem Carbon Exchange and Its Interactions with the Climate System, NECC, was initiated. The center comprises practically all eddy covariance flux sites (ca. 25) in the Nordic countries which, represents wetlands, coniferous and deciduous forests, ‘Kyoto’ forests, lakes, agricultural sites and one urban site. The forest sites cover a range of age classes and management practices, and long-term sites with more than 8-10 years of continuous flux data. The center has also access to a flux aircraft for regional assessments and involves high precision CO2 and CH4 measurements in high towers. A synthesis of the current sink/source strength of CO2 and CH4 of the different ecosystems is in preparation and will be presented. Analysis of long-term data from a few sites and how it relates to annual parameters is also presented.


Author's Names: A. Lindroth
Filesize: 11.85 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 22
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     Talk History
Friday, September 30
· Discussion Panel
· Nitrogen Regulation of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems in Respons
· The Role of Water Relations in Driving Grassland Ecosystem Responses to Rising A
· Unraveling the Decline in High-latitude Surface Ocean Carbonate
Thursday, September 29
· Hazards of Temperature on Food Availability in Changing Environments (HOT-FACE)
· The Amazon and the Modern Carbon Cycle
· New Coupled Climate-carbon Simulations from the IPSL Model
· The Changing Carbon Cycle
· What are the Most Important Factors for Climate-carbon Cycle Coupling?
· CO2 Uptake of the Marine Biosphere
· European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i
· Persistence of Nitrogen Limitation over Terrestrial Carbon Uptake
· Atmospheric CO2, Carbon Isotopes, the Sun, and Climate Change over the Last Mill
· Proposing a Mechanistic Understanding of Atmospheric CO2 During the late Pleist
· Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4) and Climate Evolution since 650 kyrs Deduced from Anta
Wednesday, September 28
· (In and) Out of Africa: Estimating the Carbon Exchange of a Continent
· Recent Shifts in Soil Dynamics on Growing Season Length, Productivity, and...
· Interannual Variability in the Carbon Exchange Using an Ecosystem-fire Model
· Photosynthesis and Respiration in Forests in Response to Environmental Changes
· Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in Japan
· Estimating Landscape-level Carbon Fluxes from Tower CO2 Mixing Ratio Measurement
· Monitoring Effects in Climate and Fire Regime on Net Ecosystem Production
· Radiative Forcing from a Boreal Forest Fire
· The Influence of Soil and Water Management on Carbon Erosion and Burial
· Spatial and Temporal Patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes in Ecosystems
· Modeling the History of Terrestrial Carbon Sources and Sinks
· The Age of Carbon Respired from Terrestrial Ecosystems
· Discussion Panel
· The Underpinnings of Land Use History
Tuesday, September 27
· Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories

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The 7th International CO2 Conference

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September 25th - 30th
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