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Category: Main/Abstracts/Land Use and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle


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  INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN TERRESTRIAL CARBON EXCHANGE USING AN ECOSYSTEM FIRE MODEL  Popular
Description:

We have incorporated a semi-mechanistic fire model into the SEVER Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM). The model produces estimates of net primary productivity (NPP), heterotrophic respiration (HR) and fire carbon emission (FE) for the globe. This model was run for the period 1957-2002 with the NCEP climate reanalysis data as an input. Results were compared with the ATSR area burnt maps and a Time Dependent Inverse (TDI) model fluxes of CO2. We find that on interannual time scales NPP variability explains major part of flux variability simulated by the TDI model, followed by the HR and FE contributions.


Author's Names: Sergey Venevsky, Prabir K. Patra, Shamil Maksyutov, et al
Filesize: 64.05 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 162
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  THE AGE OF CARBON RESPIRED FROM TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS  Popular
Description:

Carbon enters ecosystems through a single process, photosynthesis, and nearly all is returned to the atmosphere through respiration, some 50-80% of which occurs below-ground. Soil (belowground) respiration integrates CO2 derived from C that has resided in the ecosystem for periods of differing duration, ranging from relatively recent photosynthetic products that fuel root metabolism, to CO2 derived from decomposition of plant and soil organic matter that may be decades to centuries old.  A comparison of the radiocarbon content of CO2 respired by roots, microbes, and soils with the record of radiocarbon in atmospheric CO2 allows direct estimation of the mean age of C being respired [Trumbore 2000; Wang et al. 2000, Cisneros Dozal et al. 2005; Borken et al. 2005]. 


Author's Names: S.E. Trumbore, E.A Schuur, E. A. Davidson, PB Camargo, et al
Filesize: 21.45 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 156
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  SIGNALS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION AT BOREAL FORESTS IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENT ...  Popular
Description:

The isotopic composition of the ecosystem respiration (d13CER) and the isotopic discrimination of the ecosystem (DEco) were retrieved from intensive campaigns (1998 to 2000) and from weekly diurnal sampling (2003) at a boreal forest site (Fraserdale, Canada, 49°53'N, 81°34'W). The results show that d13CER was less sensitive to temperature (T) variation compared with DEco, suggesting that the photosynthesis CO2 flux was likely more sensitive to temperature than the ecosystem respiration CO2 flux during the same period of time at the study site.


Author's Names: L.Huang, B. Chen, P.P. Tans, K.Higuchi, D.Worthy, et al
Filesize: 87.89 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 150
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  THE UNDERPINNINGS OF LAND-USE HISTORY: THREE CENTURIES OF GLOBAL GRIDDED LAND-USE ...  Popular
Description:
To accurately assess the impacts of human land-use on the Earth System, information is needed on the current and historical patterns of land-use activities. Previous global studies have focused on developing reconstructions of the spatial patterns of agriculture. Here, we provide the first global gridded estimates of the underlying land conversions (land-use transitions), wood harvesting, and resulting secondary lands annually, for the period 1700-2000. For input, we used two existing datasets of global gridded land-use history—HYDE [Klein Goldewijk 2001] and SAGE [Ramankutty & Foley 1999], a new reconstruction of national wood harvest that we spatially disaggregated to a global gridded product, and model estimates of the spatial distribution of plant carbon density and its recovery. Since these do not fully constrain the problem, we added assumptions related to four additional factors: the residence time of agricultural land, the inclusiveness of wood harvest statistics, the priority for land conversion and logging (e.g. primary- or secondary-land), and the spatial pattern of wood harvest within countries. In order to estimate uncertainty and characterize model sensitivity, a set of 216 alternative reconstructions was derived using different assumptions. We estimate that the accumulated global wood harvest 1700-2000 was approximately 112 Pg C including slash.

Author's Names: G.C. Hurtt, S. Frolking, M.G. Fearon, B. Moore III, et al
Filesize: 17.49 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 149
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  ESTIMATING LANDSCAPE-LEVEL CARBON FLUXES FROM TOWER CO2 MIXING RATIO DATA  Popular
Description:

Variations of the CO2 mixing ratio in the atmosphere near the surface result from several processes, including photosynthesis and respiration of the underlying ecosystems, vertical mixing near the surface and in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and entrainment of air above the PBL. We developed a novel approach for isolating ecosystem metabolism signals at the landscape scale (102-104 km2) in an hourly CO2 record using a vertical diffusion scheme coupled with an ecosystem model.


Author's Names: J.M. Chen, B. Chen, K. Higuchi, D. Chan, et al
Filesize: 33.38 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 145
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  IN AND OUT OF AFRICA: ESTIMATING THE CARBON EXCHANGE OF A CONTINENT  Popular
Description:

Understanding the diverse elements of the global carbon cycle has been the focus of much recent research [Prentice et al. 2001, Schimel et al. 2001, Gurney et al. 2002, House et al. 2003]; research that is vital to our understanding of the missing sink, future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and future climate [Fan et al. 1998, Houghton et al. 1998]. Much research has concentrated on carbon dynamics of the large ocean basins [Lee et al. 1998, Le Quéré et al. 2003] and terrestrial exchange in North America and Eurasia [Pacala et al. 2000, Schimel et al. 2000]. Despite representing 20% of the global land mass, Africa has thus far been largely neglected in these studies. We will examine current understanding of carbon stocks and fluxes within Africa and discuss how uncertainty in global carbon dynamics arises in part from uncertainty in the African components. We outline areas where new measurements and research in Africa can contribute to understanding at both continental and global scales.


Author's Names: N. P. Hanan, C.A. Williams, R.J. Scholes, et al
Filesize: 50.76 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 145
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  RADIATIVE FORCING FROM A BOREAL FOREST FIRE  Popular
Description:

We report measurements of energy and carbon fluxes from a boreal forest fire chronosequence. Taking into account greenhouse gas emissions and post-fire changes in the surface radiation budget, a boreal forest fire in interior Alaska caused the climate to cool. This result suggests that management of forests in northern countries to preserve carbon sinks may have the opposite effect on climate as that intended.


Author's Names: J.T. Randerson, S.D. Chambers, M. Flanner, et al
Filesize: 31.78 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 132
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  IMPORTANCE OF RECENT SHIFTS IN SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS ON GROWING SEASON LENGTH, PRODUCTIVITY, ...  Popular
Description:

In terrestrial high-latitude regions, observations indicate recent changes in snow cover, permafrost, and soil freeze-thaw transitions due to climate change.  These modifications may result in temporal shifts in the growing season and the associated rates of terrestrial productivity. Changes in productivity will influence the ability of these ecosystems to sequester atmospheric CO2. We use the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), which simulates the soil thermal regime, in addition to terrestrial carbon, nitrogen and water dynamics, to explore these issues over the years 1960-2100 in extratropical regions (30˚-90˚ N).  Our results reveal noteworthy changes in snow, permafrost, growing season length, productivity, and net carbon uptake, indicating that prediction of terrestrial carbon dynamics from one decade to the next will require that large-scale models adequately take into account the corresponding changes in soil thermal regimes.


Author's Names: E.S. Euskirchen, A.D. McGuire, D.W. Kicklighter, et al
Filesize: 60.62 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 127
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  MODELING THE HISTORY OF TERRESTRIAL CARBON SOURCES AND SINKS  Popular
Description:

We report modeling experiments with a new global dynamic land model (LM3V), to reconstruct possible causes of the terrestrial carbon sources and sinks over the past century.  The model is unique, in that it is capable of representing the global history of land use, including the management of secondary forests (those forests that have re-grown at least once following harvest). Several published carbon inventories attribute the majority of the carbon sink caused by land use in the temperate zone to the management of secondary forests.


Author's Names: S.W. Pacala, G.C. Hurtt, E. Shevliakova, and S. Malyshev
Filesize: 17.72 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 127
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  THE IMPACT OF CLOUDS ON ECOSYSTEM CO18O ISOFLUXES IN THE GREAT PLAINS  Popular
Description:

Mechanistic explanations for the downward excursion in d18O of atmospheric CO2 observed during the mid-1990s and the generally large interannnual variability characteristic of this isotopologue are lacking. We hypothesize that the excursion and related variations in d18O of atmospheric CO2 may be linked to global-scale variations in cloud cover. However, very little is known about the influence of clouds on biosphere-atmosphere CO18O exchanges. Recent work has demonstrated the influence of boundary layer clouds on canopy photosynthesis through increases in the diffuse radiation fraction and relative humidity, combined with decreases in leaf temperature. In concert, these alterations tend to increase canopy photosynthesis and conductance, which should also increase CO18O isofluxes. However, photosynthetic CO18O isofluxes also depend critically on the d18O of leafwater, and enhanced cloudiness typically decreases the d18O of leafwater by enhancing relative humidity and water vapor exchange across stomata. Thus, the net impact of differing cloud regimes on biosphere-atmosphere CO18O exchanges is difficult to predict. Preliminary simulations suggest a large impact of diffuse radiation on canopy photosynthesis by increasing the flux from shade leaves. The impact of this effect on biosphere-atmosphere CO18O exchanges is diluted somewhat by the lower enrichment in leafwater d18O on cloudy days with high diffuse radiation fractions. Our results suggest that these effects are very dependent on LAI and photosynthetic pathway (C3 or C4).


Author's Names: C.J. Still, W.J. Riley, S.C. Biraud, D. Noone, et al
Filesize: 206.00 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 121
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     Talk History
Friday, September 30
· Discussion Panel
· Nitrogen Regulation of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems in Respons
· The Role of Water Relations in Driving Grassland Ecosystem Responses to Rising A
· Unraveling the Decline in High-latitude Surface Ocean Carbonate
Thursday, September 29
· Hazards of Temperature on Food Availability in Changing Environments (HOT-FACE)
· The Amazon and the Modern Carbon Cycle
· New Coupled Climate-carbon Simulations from the IPSL Model
· The Changing Carbon Cycle
· What are the Most Important Factors for Climate-carbon Cycle Coupling?
· CO2 Uptake of the Marine Biosphere
· European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i
· Persistence of Nitrogen Limitation over Terrestrial Carbon Uptake
· Atmospheric CO2, Carbon Isotopes, the Sun, and Climate Change over the Last Mill
· Proposing a Mechanistic Understanding of Atmospheric CO2 During the late Pleist
· Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4) and Climate Evolution since 650 kyrs Deduced from Anta
Wednesday, September 28
· (In and) Out of Africa: Estimating the Carbon Exchange of a Continent
· Recent Shifts in Soil Dynamics on Growing Season Length, Productivity, and...
· Interannual Variability in the Carbon Exchange Using an Ecosystem-fire Model
· Photosynthesis and Respiration in Forests in Response to Environmental Changes
· Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in Japan
· Estimating Landscape-level Carbon Fluxes from Tower CO2 Mixing Ratio Measurement
· Monitoring Effects in Climate and Fire Regime on Net Ecosystem Production
· Radiative Forcing from a Boreal Forest Fire
· The Influence of Soil and Water Management on Carbon Erosion and Burial
· Spatial and Temporal Patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes in Ecosystems
· Modeling the History of Terrestrial Carbon Sources and Sinks
· The Age of Carbon Respired from Terrestrial Ecosystems
· Discussion Panel
· The Underpinnings of Land Use History
Tuesday, September 27
· Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories

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The 7th International CO2 Conference

The Omni Interlocken Resort
September 25th - 30th
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