ATMOSPHERIC CO2 MEASUREMENT NETWORK ON TOWERS IN WEST SIBERIA
Description:
To know regional-to-continental scale CO2
fluxes between atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere using an inverse model, the
CO2 measurements on plural
towers
situated in a thousand square kilometer area of West Siberia have
been carried
out since 2002. The CO2 concentrations at 80m of the tower during
daytime afternoon well represents those of PBL with its difference in ±3 ppm,
and 90% of them in ±2 ppm, in clear sky day, when no strong inversion is
occurred in winter. The tower observation expands to five sites to date, and additional
four sites will be established in a year.
Author's Names: T. Watai, K. Shimoyama, T. Machida, B. Belan, et al
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ATMOSPHERIC CO2, O2, CH4, N2O, AND SF6 CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENTS FROM A MID-CONTINENTAL EUROPEAN ...
Description:
Continuous
atmospheric measurements from tall towers have the capability to bridge an
observational gap between hemispheric and local scales. We present first
results from measurements made at such a tower in Germany. We show anti-correlated O2 and CO2
high frequency temporal variations which are caused by regional land biotic and
fossil fuel emissions. We also show correlated changes in CO2
concentration with air mass back trajectories, for example showing elevated CO2
from air masses derived from eastern Europe, and lower, “background”
concentrations from air masses derived from the North
Atlantic.
Author's Names: A.C. Manning, M. Gloor, A. Jordan, T. Seifert, et al
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ATMOSPHERIC O2-N2, CO2 AND δ13C MEASUREMENTS FROM FLASK SAMPLING AT THREE DIFFERENT SITES IN ...
Description:
First atmospheric δO2/N2, CO2
and δ13C flask measurements from vertical aircraft sampling in the
lower troposphere above Griffin Forest (GRI), Perthshire, UK, (56°37’N, 3°47’W)
and from ground based flask sampling at the high altitude site Jungfraujoch
(JFJ), Switzerland (3580m above sea level (a.s.l.), 46°33’N, 7°59’E), and the
mountain site Puy de Dôme (PUY), France (1480m a.s.l., 45°46’N, 2°58’E) are
presented.
Author's Names: P. Sturm, M. Leuenberger, J. Moncrieff, et al
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ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN AND CO2 FLASK CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS FROM GROUND AND AIRCRAFT SITES IN EUROPE
Description:
Measurements of concurrent changes in both the
atmospheric O2 and CO2 mixing ratios have been proven to
be useful independent information for the partitioning of anthropogenic CO2
into its different sinks [e.g. Keeling et al.,
1996]. This information is used along with the “classical” partitioning models
that make use of CO2 concentration and (radioactive as well as
stable) isotopic composition information [e.g. Keeling et
al., 1995]. Global carbon budget reconstruction needs long time
series observations of global means. Downscaling to a more regional assessment
introduces a closer relation to possible annual and regional variations in
prescribed oxidative ratios of biospheric and combustion processes. With the
goal of improving the knowledge on the temporal and local variability of the O2/
CO2 signal, we present the results of the analysis on an extended
data set from the remote station of Lutjewad (The Netherlands) and compare them
with the findings of different other sampling stations in Europe, starting from
2001 till present.
Author's Names: C. Sirignano, R.E.M. Neubert, A. Varlagin, L. Haszpra, et al
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BIOLOGICALLY DRIVEN SOUTHERN OCEAN CARBON FLUXES AS OBSERVED BY ATMOSPHERIC O2 AND CO2 CONCENTRATION
Description:
Our
understanding of biogeochemical and physical processes in the Southern Ocean,
which are critically important to future anthropogenic CO2 uptake
and global climate, is limited by the sparse spatial and temporal coverage of
existing oceanographic and atmospheric measurements. We will present
high-precision horizontal atmospheric O2 and CO2 concentration
gradients over the Southern Ocean from three independent observing networks. These
measurements reveal that, relative to southern mid-latitudes and Antarctica, CO2 concentrations over the
Southern Ocean are high during winter and low during summer (Fig. 1). This
suggests a seasonal variation between net CO2 summertime uptake and wintertime
release that is in disagreement with the T99 [Takahashi et al., 2002] dissolved pCO2 climatology,
which predicts year‑round CO2 uptake, and with the OCMIP‑2 biological
ocean general circulation models [BOGCMs, Doney
et al., 2004], which either predict year-round CO2 uptake or
opposite seasonality with wintertime uptake and summertime release.
Author's Names: B.B. Stephens, D.F. Baker, M. Battle, R.F. Keeling, et al
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BOMB RADIOCARBON CONSTRAINTS ON AIR-SEA GAS EXCHANGE: A NEW PARAMETERISATION OF THE PISTON ...
Description:
We
used recent ocean bomb radiocarbon inventory estimates for the time of GEOSECS
(mid-1970s) and WOCE (mid-1990s) from Peacock
[2004] and Key et al. [2004],
corrected for missing ocean areas [Naegler
2005], to develop a new parameterisation of the piston velocity – wind speed
relationship of CO2 air-sea gas exchange. For monthly mean
climatological winds on a 1°x1° grid, this results in a gas exchange parameter
aq,660 of 0.32±0.04 (in cm hr-1 m-2 s2)
and a net oceanic CO2 uptake of 1.53±0.18 PgC/yr for the mid-1990s,
when using the Takahashi et al.
[2002] pCO2 data.
Author's Names: T. Naegler, K. Rodgers, P. Ciais and I. Levin
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BUDGETING SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: DIVERSITY OF ECOSYSTEMS COUNTS
Description: Air-water CO2 fluxes were up-scaled to take
into account the latitudinal and ecosystem diversity of the coastal ocean,
based on an exhaustive literature survey. Marginal seas at high and temperate
latitudes act as sinks of CO2 from the atmosphere, in contrast to
subtropical and tropical marginal seas that act as sources of CO2 to
the atmosphere. Overall, marginal seas act as a strong sink of CO2
of about -0.45 Pg C yr-1. This sink could be almost fully
compensated by the emission of CO2 from the ensemble of near-shore
coastal ecosystems of about 0.40 Pg C yr-1.
Author's Names: A.V. Borges, and B. Delille
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CALIBRATION AND PROPAGATION OF THE WMO MOLE FRACTION SCALE FOR CARBON DIOXIDE IN AIR
Description:
The current WMO
CO2 Mole Fraction Scale consists of a set of fifteen CO2 –in-air
primary standard calibration gases ranging in CO2 mole fraction from
250 to 520 micromol/mol. Since the WMO
CO2 Expert Group transferred responsibility for maintaining the WMO Scale from the Scripps Institute of
Oceanography (SIO) to the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) in 1995, the fifteen WMO
primary standards have been calibrated at regular interval, between one and two
years, by the CMDL manometric
system. From mid-1996 to 2001, the assigned CO2 values of the WMO Primaries have been jointly based on the SIO
and CMDL manometric measurements,
and completely on the CMDL
manometric measurements alone from 2001 to present. The uncertainty of the 15
primary standards is estimated to be 0.07 micromol/mol in the one-sigma
absolute scale. Manometric calibration results indicated that there is no
evidence of overall drift of the Primaries from 1996 to 2004. In order to
lengthen the useful life of the Primary standards, CMDL
has always transferred the WMO
Scale to the Secondaries via NDIR analyzers. The uncertainties arising from the
analyzer random error and the propagation error due to the uncertainty of the
reference gas concentration are discussed. Precision of NDIR transfer
calibrations is about 0.01 micromol/mol from 1979 to present. Propagation of
the uncertainty is calculated theoretically. In the case of interpolation, the
propagation error is estimated to be between 0.05 and 0.07 micromol/mol when
the Primaries are used as the reference gases via NDIR transfer calibrations.
Author's Names: C. Zhao, and P. Tans
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CARBON CYCLE DECADAL VARIABILITY IN MODE WATERS OF THE SOUTH WEST INDIAN OCEAN: ANTHROPOGENIC ...
Description:
Mode Waters provides a
privileged pathway for the transport of heat, salt and anthropogenic CO2
into the ocean interior. The carbon cycle
decadal variability in response to
environmental changes is investigated using historical and recent
data collected during the INDIGO (1985-1987) and OISO (1998-2003) oceanographic
campaigns conducted in the South West Indian Ocean, an important zone for Mode
Waters formation. The
observed change in dissolved inorganic carbon over the
15-year period was 8 µmol/kg in Subantarctic Mode Water (500-800m), which is
less than the anthropogenic carbon increase alone (13 µmol/kg). This difference
may be explained by natural or climate-induced changes in ocean processes.
Predictions from a global ocean-carbon model (OPA-PISCES) are used as a means
to help interpret changes in the controlling processes: ocean dynamics,
biological activity and air-sea interactions.
Author's Names: C. L. Monaco, N. Metzl, O. Aumont, K. Rodgers, et al
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CARBON CYCLE INVERSION VALIDATION USING PROFILE AND OTHER NON-SURFACE OBSERVATIONAL DATA
Description:
We present preliminary results of a
modeling experiment that compares observed vertical profiles of CO2
with those generated by an atmospheric transport model (ATM). The ATM is driven
by CO2 flux fields generated from the inversion of monthly averaged
CO2 surface data (GLOBALVIEW). We note large differences between the
best fit to the observations produced in the inversion and the same quantity
simulated by the forward model. This difference arises from the nonlinearity of
the advection scheme used in the transport model. When comparing with vertical
profiles, we note that much of the difference between simulated and observed
concentration has the same structure as the impact of this nonlinearity.
Inversion schemes must therefore take nonlinearity into account. Despite these
differences, the profiles are able to distinguish among inversions that fit
subsets of the surface data, suggesting they are a useful validation dataset.
Author's Names: C.A. Pickett–Heaps, P.J. Rayner, R.M. Law, P. Peylin, et al
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