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Conference History

A brief history of the International Carbon Dioxide Conferences

The CO2 conferences form a series bringing together scientists to communicate the most recent results pertinent to the global carbon cycle, with special emphasis on the current increase of atmospheric CO2. These international meetings take place once every four years. The World Meteorological Organization has been a sponsor of most of the events. The next meeting has been scheduled for 25-30 September, 2005, near Boulder, Colorado.

The first meeting took place in 1981 in Bern, Switzerland, and was called the "Bern CO2 Symposium". The University of Bern and the WMO sponsored the event. About 40 scientists attended. The meeting's focus was strongly on atmospheric measurements of CO2 and related species, with some attention to model estimates of oceanic and terrestrial CO2 uptake. A series of papers from the meeting was published in a special issue of Journal of Geophysical Research in 1983, coordinated by C.D. Keeling.

The second meeting, the "International Conference on Atmospheric CO2" took place in Kandersteg, Switzerland, in September 1985. It was sponsored by the Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics. About 60 scientists attended. In addition to atmospheric measurements of CO2 and its isotopic ratios, attention was given to new measurements of historical CO2 in ice cores, and more emphasis on the terrestrial biosphere, air-sea gas exchange, and 3-dimensional transport modeling. A series of papers was published as a special issue in Tellus, 1987, with C.D. Keeling and U. Siegenthaler as guest editors.

The Third International Conference on Analysis and Evaluation of Atmospheric CO2 Data Past and Present was held in Hinterzarten, Germany, in October, 1989. It was sponsored primarily by the University of Heidelberg and the WMO. There were about 120 participants. Exciting new ice core data were presented. The evidence for a large carbon sink on land in the northern hemisphere was first presented. In addition to the subjects of the second meeting, new attention was given to ocean biota, and an entire session was devoted to the modeling of oceanic CO2 uptake and transport. Papers were published in a special issue of Tellus, 1991, with I. Levin and P. Tans as guest editors.

The Fourth International CO2 Conference was held in Carqueiranne, France, in September 1993, and sponsored by WMO and several French organizations. About 200 scientists attended the meeting and more than 150 papers and posters were presented. There were sessions on atmospheric measurements, oceanic measurements, process models and carbon transport models in both environments, terrestrial observations and ecosystem models, ice core data, and isotopic ratio observations. An important issue during the conference was the observed slowdown of the rate of CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere observed in 1992 and 1993. Papers were published in a special issue of Tellus, 1995, with I. Fung and L. Merlivat as guest editors.

The Fifth International CO2 Conference took place in Cairns, Australia, in September 1997. It was organized by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia, and sponsored by the WMO, with various other organizations making a financial contribution. About 200 scientists attended, and about 200 oral and poster presentations were given. The new measurements of atmospheric oxygen played an important role at the meeting. Results of measurements of terrestrial carbon fluxes through the eddy covariance method were presented for the first time. There were sessions on atmospheric measurements, including isotopic ratios, and inverse models (which deduce sources and sinks from observed concentration patterns), on oceanic measurements and models, on terrestrial land use as well as fertilization of the biosphere, on ecosystem models, on ice core measurements, carbon cycle synthesis models, and a little about future CO2 projections. Papers were published in a special issue in Tellus, 1999, with R. Francey, M. Apps, F. Joos, D. Schimel, and A. Watson as guest editors.

The Sixth International CO2 Conference took place in Sendai, Japan, in October 2001. It was organized by Tohoku University and sponsored by the WMO and various Japanese organizations, with financial contributions from a number of Japanese corporations. There were approximately 300 oral and poster presentations, by about the same number of attendees. The meeting witnessed an enormous expansion in the use of inverse models in both the atmospheric and oceanic domains, reflecting the continuing increase in the density of observations, as well as the rapidly increasing capabilities of computers. Remote sensing, including the potential of direct retrievals of atmospheric CO2 from space, played a much bigger role than in previous conferences. Of course, all major topics of previous conferences continued to receive attention. Papers were again published in a special issue of Tellus, 2003, with P. Tans, T. Nakazawa, and H. Yoshikawa Inoue as guest editors.

Format of the meetings

All oral sessions have been plenary in every conference, with the length of the oral presentations 30 minutes at the Cairns meeting, and 20 minutes at the Sendai meeting, except for invited presentations that were given 40 minutes in Sendai. The advantage of plenary sessions is that all participants have an excellent opportunity to stay abreast of developments outside their own specialty. In Cairns all posters stayed up for several days, in Sendai for one day because of lack of space. In the latter case the poster sessions highlighted different topics on different days. There has always been a generous amount of time for poster sessions completely separate from the oral sessions.









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Published on: 2005-07-27 (876 reads)

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The 7th International CO2 Conference

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September 25th - 30th
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