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 European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i

Carbon Cycle Response to Climate Changeby Philippe Ciais

Future climate warming is expected to enhance plant growth in temperate ecosystems and to increase carbon sequestration. But although severe regional heatwaves may become more frequent in a changing climate, and their impact on terrestrial carbon cycling is unclear. Europe experienced a particularly extreme climate anomaly during 2003, with July temperatures up to 6°C above long-term means, and annual precipitation deficits up to 300 mmy-1, that is 50% below the average. We used the 2003 heatwave as a ‘laboratory assistant’ to estimate the impact on terrestrial carbon cycling.

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European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i


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Re: European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i (Score 1)
by David.Sherman on Thursday, September 29 @ 09:49:57 MDT
(User Info)http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov
This is clearly a finding of geopolitical significance. If this decrease in productivity is widespread as the climate changes, it could influence policy decisions. My question is, for the purposes of monitoring procuctivity, what is the minimum amount of instrucmentation (eddy covariance or otherwise) needed on a regional or continental scale? What quality of instrumentation is required to determine changes in productivity?



Re: European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i (Score 1)
by Jose.Navar-Chaidez on Thursday, September 29 @ 10:00:49 MDT
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The map where you showed the productivity for (I Guess) 2003 has northern Mexico with similar reductions in productivity as europe. Data worked to understand temporal patterns on productivity for this region is showing a reduced aboveground productivity by 0.6 Mg/ha/y for the last decade. My explanation to be confirmed comes from climatic observations showing the drought that hit northern Mexicon in the 1990's. Could it be that there is a continous trend of reducing productivity? or it is just a stochastic process of shorter time scales.



Re: European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i (Score 1)
by John.Miller on Friday, September 30 @ 10:03:11 MDT
(User Info)http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov
I wanted to follow on with a point made after your talk concerning after effects of the severe drought. It seems that 2004 respiration could be reduced if litter fall was reduced in 2003, but if tree mortality was high, then coarse woody debris could be increased for several years into the future. My question is have the eddy-flux sites started to measure these different quantities, and if so what are the preliminary results? My second comment/question is that I suspect that the 'follow on' effects for agricultural lands will be smaller, because of the intensive management -- would you agree?



Re: European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i (Score 1)
by Ning.Zeng on Friday, September 30 @ 10:46:12 MDT
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The 2003 heatwave impact is a very nice example  of how ecosystem might respond to climate change. I draw your attention to the more wide-spread impact of the 1998-2002 midlatitude drought under which the European heatwave was embedded.  For this I refer you to the poster by Zeng et al. (EC-306) 'What caused the recent accelerated growth in CO2' with the abstract below: Impact of 1998-2002 midlatitude drought and warming on terrestrial ecosystem and the global carbon cycle A rare drought occurred from 1998 to 2002 across much of the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude regions.  Using observational data and numerical models, we analyze the impact of this event on terrestrial ecosystem and the global carbon cycle. The biological productivity in these regions were found to decrease by 0.9 PgC/y or 5% compared to the average of the previous two decades, in conjunction with significantly reduced vegetation greenness. The drought led to a land carbon release that is large enough to significantly modify the canonical tropically dominated ENSO response.  An atmospheric inversion reveals that during the 1998-2002 drought period, Northern Hemisphere midlatitude changed from a 1980-1998 average of 0.7 PgC/y carbon sink to nearly neutral to the atmosphere, while a forward model suggests a change of 1.3 PgC/y in the same direction.  This large CO2 source explains the consecutive large increase in atmospheric CO2 growth rate of about 2 ppmv/y in recent years, as well as the anomalous timing of events.  This Northern Hemisphere CO2 anomaly was largely caused by reduced vegetation growth due to less precipitation, but also with significant contribution from higher temperature that directly increases respiration loss and indirectly further reduces soil moisture.  Since the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude landscape has been significantly modified by agriculture, grazing, irrigation and fire suppression, the strong signature in the global carbon cycle of a drought initiated by changes in tropical oceanic temperatures is a remarkable manifestation of climate variability, with implications for carbon cycle response and feedback to future climate change.






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