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Category: Main/Abstracts/The Fate of Fossil-Fuel Carbon Emissions


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  WHAT CAN TRACER OBSERVATIONS IN THE CONTINENTAL BOUNDARY LAYER TELL US ABOUT SURFACE-ATMOSPHERE ... 
Description:

There are two basic approaches for inferring surface-atmosphere exchange for trace gases on regional scales: a bottom-up approach, in which local process knowledge is scaled up, and a top-down approach, in which the larger-scale constraint from atmospheric concentration measurements is applied in combination with transport models. Here we combine the two approaches, and assess the information content added by boundary layer concentration data. More specifically, we analyze the potential for inferring spatially resolved surface fluxes from atmospheric tracer observations within the mixed layer, such as from monitoring towers, using a receptor oriented transport model (Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport [STILT] model, [Lin et al., 2003]) coupled to a simple biosphere in which CO2 fluxes are represented as functional responses to environmental drivers (radiation and temperature, [Gerbig et al., 2003]). Transport and fluxes are coupled on a dynamic grid using a polar projection with high horizontal resolution (~20 km) in near field, and low resolution far away (as coarse as 2000 km), reducing the number of surface pixels without significant loss of information. To test the system, and to evaluate the errors associated with the retrieval of fluxes from atmospheric observations, a pseudo data experiment was performed. A large number of realizations of measurements (pseudo data) and a priori fluxes was generated, and for each case spatially resolved fluxes were retrieved. Results indicate strong potential for high resolution retrievals based on a network of tall towers, subject to the requirement of correctly specifying the a priori uncertainty covariance, especially the off diagonal elements that control spatial correlations.


Author's Names: C. Gerbig, J.C. Lin, J.W. Munger, and S.C. Wofsy
Filesize: 67.70 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 39
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  MARINE PRODUCTIVITY ESTIMATES FROM O2 AR RATIOS AND OXYGEN ISOTOPES IN THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC 
Description:

Upwelling of high-nutrient waters in the equatorial Pacific gives rise to a band of enhanced primary production around the equator that stretches from Peru almost to Indonesia. It has been suggested that this oceanic region accounts for a large part of global net production. The equatorial Pacific is also thought to be the largest oceanic CO2 source and makes an important contribution to the atmospheric CO2 budget.


Author's Names: Jan Kaiser, Matthew K. Reuer, Bruce Barnett, et al
Filesize: 118.66 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 39
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  GLOBAL CARBON FLUXES INFERRED FROM THE CSIRO GLOBAL FLASK NETWORK: 1983-2004 
Description:

Stable isotope measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide from the CSIRO global flask sampling program with improved traceability to the international primary reference material VPDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite), and with improved uncertainty estimates, are presented. The measurements have been used with an improved time dependent inversion model to reassess terrestrial and oceanic contributions to the interannual variability in atmospheric CO2.


Author's Names: C. Allison, R. Francey, R. Law, and P. Rayner
Filesize: 84.77 Kb
Added on: 10-Aug-2005 Downloads: 39
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  MODELING ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATION PROFILES AND FLUXES ABOVE SLOPING FORESTED TERRAIN 
Description:
CO2 profiles were simulated in the atmospheric boundary layer above sloping terrain using a three dimensional transport model coupled with a vegetation sub-model. WMO/GAW concentration monitoring site and ecosystem flux measurement site were located inside the modeled region at the top of a hill and at boreal forest, respectively. According to model results, the concentration measurement at hill site was representative for continental background. However, concentration at few meters above active vegetation represented mainly local variation. Concentration difference between hill site and forest site was about 5 ppm during afternoon according to both model and measurements. The hill site was above boundary layer during night and inside boundary layer during daytime. The regional CO2 signal dominated in both cases. The average flux to the whole model region was about 40 % of the local flux at the forest site.

Author's Names: T. Aalto, J. Hatakka, M. Aurela, T. Thum and A. Lohila
Filesize: 40.81 Kb
Added on: 22-Jul-2005 Downloads: 40
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  A SIMULATION OF CARBON CYCLE EMPLOYED BY A 2-D ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT MODEL 
Description:
Carbon flux distribution was simulated between 90°S and 90°N during from 1981 to 1997. It was confirmed there was a terrestrial C sink in the area of mid-high latitude of north hemisphere. Some effect factors to Carbon flux, as ENSO, volcano activity, surface temperature etc. were analyzed also.

Author's Names: L. Xu, C. Li, M. Shao, R.J. Zhang and M.A.K., Khalil
Filesize: 95.35 Kb
Added on: 09-Aug-2005 Downloads: 40
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  ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AT THE STATE AND MONTHLY LEVELS 
Description:

CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion can be estimated at the state or monthly level even when full data on fuel combustion are not available. Our hypothesis is that a representative proxy can accurately estimate the pattern of CO2 emissions if a sufficient fraction of the total can be represented, even if the dataset used does not cover all energy consumption sectors. Our approach employs monthly sales data for each state from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration (EIA). This is used to estimate the relative proportions of solid, liquid and gaseous fossil fuels for each state for each month.


Author's Names: J. Gregg, L. Losey, R. Andres, G. Marland
Filesize: 207.77 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 44
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  A REGIONAL ATMOSPHERIC CONTINUOUS CO2 NETWORK IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS ... 
Description:

We are establishing a continuous CO2 observing network in the Rocky Mountains, building on technological and modeling advances made during the Carbon in the Mountains Experiment (CME), to improve our understanding of regional carbon fluxes and to fill key gaps in the North American Carbon Program (NACP). We will present a description of the Rocky RACCOON network and early results from the first three sites.


Author's Names: B.B. Stephens, S. De Wekker, D. Schimel, and A. Watt
Filesize: 159.78 Kb
Added on: 04-Aug-2005 Downloads: 44
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  INFLUENCE OF THE CO2 LATITUDINAL GRADIENT ON THE OBSERVATIONS AT THE MEDITERRANEAN ... 
Description:

Measurements of CO2 concentration are carried out on a weekly basis since 1992 on the island of Lampedusa (35.5°N, 12.6°E), in the Mediterranean. Measurements are based at the Station for Climate Observations, which rests on a rocky plateau (45 m asl) on the North-Eastern coast of the island, and are made with a NDIR analyzer. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reference standards are used for calibrations.  Continuous measurements were started in 1998; they were interrupted in early 2003, and activated again in 2005. The continuous observations show evidence of a small daily cycle (amplitude < ±1 ppm) only during the months of June, July, and August. Mean annual cycles derived from weekly flask measurements show a dependency on the wind origin: the annual cycle and the annual CO2 mean are smaller for winds originating from the Southern sectors, than for winds from Northern sectors. The continuous measurements were combined with daily backward airmass trajectories to identify the dependency of the CO2 amount on the airmass origin. Trajectories provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration / Air Resources Laboratory (Hysplit) are used. During winter, low CO2 is generally connected to Southern/South-Eastern airmasses. In summer airmasses from North often display lower CO2 content, due to the influence of the European sink.


Author's Names: A. di Sarra, P. Chamard, S. Piacentino, et al
Filesize: 52.27 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 45
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  VARIATIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF pCO2 IN SURAFCE SEAWATER IN THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC ... 
Description:

Measurements of the partial pressure of CO2 in surface seawater (pCO2w) have been made frequently and extensively in the western North Pacific (3-35°N, 132-142°E) since 1990. Based on the time series analysis of pCO2w data, we obtained a “climatological view” of seasonal variation in pCO2w in the western North Pacific. We have examined the relationship between pCO2w and sea surface temperature (SST). The pCO2w–SST relationship varies spatially and temporally. The pCO2w showed an average growth rate of 1.6 µatm yr-1 (nearly equal to that of the air, pCO2a) with large variability (±8.9µatm yr-1). In 1998, larger growth rates of pCO2w occurred in the subtropical gyre and the western equatorial Pacific, which was probably associated with the 1997/98 El Niño phenomena. To know processes affecting long-term variations in pCO2w, we have examined seasonal variation in growth rate of pCO2w. The linear growth rate of pCO2w during the winter season ranged from 1.3±0.2 to 2.1±0.2µatm yr-1 with an average of 1.7±0.2µatm yr-1. During spring/summer seasons, the average growth rate of pCO2w was larger than 2µatm yr-1 north of 27°N, and within the range from 0 to 1µatm yr-1 in the North Equatorial Current. These increases were mostly caused by the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2, and to some extent, other processes controlling the pCO2w change: thermodynamic effect, lateral transport and vertical mixing, and biological activity.


Author's Names: H.Y. Inoue, M. Ishii, T. Midorikawa, A. Nakadate, et al
Filesize: 73.43 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 46
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  PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE LOFLO CONTINUOUS CO2 ANALYSER: MONITORING OF BASELINE AND ... 
Description:
Results are presented from recent evaluations of multiple “LoFlo” CO2 analysers. These experiments were conducted at both an urban site (Aspendale, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia), and the Cape Grim baseline site. Figure 1 shows the preliminary results from an overlap experiment involving two LoFlo analysers (identified here as LoFlo-2A, and LoFlo-2B, each one operating with its own suite of calibration gases) measuring marine boundary layer air from a shared single air intake at the Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station, in northwest Tasmania, during April/May 2005. The figure shows the differences between hourly CO2 values from the two analysers, during those periods when baseline conditions were experienced. The seven high pressure, CO2-in-dry air calibration standards used for the LoFlo-2B system have been calibrated at the Carbon Cycle Gases Group (CCGG), United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL), designated by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) as the CO2 Central Calibration Laboratory.

Author's Names: M.V. van der Schoot, L.P. Steele, R.J. Francey, et al
Filesize: 160.26 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 48
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     Talk History
Friday, September 30
· Discussion Panel
· Nitrogen Regulation of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems in Respons
· The Role of Water Relations in Driving Grassland Ecosystem Responses to Rising A
· Unraveling the Decline in High-latitude Surface Ocean Carbonate
Thursday, September 29
· Hazards of Temperature on Food Availability in Changing Environments (HOT-FACE)
· The Amazon and the Modern Carbon Cycle
· New Coupled Climate-carbon Simulations from the IPSL Model
· The Changing Carbon Cycle
· What are the Most Important Factors for Climate-carbon Cycle Coupling?
· CO2 Uptake of the Marine Biosphere
· European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i
· Persistence of Nitrogen Limitation over Terrestrial Carbon Uptake
· Atmospheric CO2, Carbon Isotopes, the Sun, and Climate Change over the Last Mill
· Proposing a Mechanistic Understanding of Atmospheric CO2 During the late Pleist
· Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4) and Climate Evolution since 650 kyrs Deduced from Anta
Wednesday, September 28
· (In and) Out of Africa: Estimating the Carbon Exchange of a Continent
· Recent Shifts in Soil Dynamics on Growing Season Length, Productivity, and...
· Interannual Variability in the Carbon Exchange Using an Ecosystem-fire Model
· Photosynthesis and Respiration in Forests in Response to Environmental Changes
· Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in Japan
· Estimating Landscape-level Carbon Fluxes from Tower CO2 Mixing Ratio Measurement
· Monitoring Effects in Climate and Fire Regime on Net Ecosystem Production
· Radiative Forcing from a Boreal Forest Fire
· The Influence of Soil and Water Management on Carbon Erosion and Burial
· Spatial and Temporal Patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes in Ecosystems
· Modeling the History of Terrestrial Carbon Sources and Sinks
· The Age of Carbon Respired from Terrestrial Ecosystems
· Discussion Panel
· The Underpinnings of Land Use History
Tuesday, September 27
· Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories

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The 7th International CO2 Conference

The Omni Interlocken Resort
September 25th - 30th
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