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  USING INVERSE MODELLING TO INVESTIGATE POTENTIAL IR MEASUREMENT STRATEGIES FOR CONSTRAINING ... 
Description:

CO2 and methane are important greenhouse gases, both contributing in increasing amounts towards positive radiative forcing. It is hence important to gain maximum understanding of the carbon cycle in the atmosphere, and the scale of carbon trace gas sources and sinks, not only globally but also on a more regional level. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) satellite, scheduled for launch in 2008, is designed for dedicated global mapping of CO2. In order to investigate the usefulness of a variety of methods, including retrievals from satellite mapping, some preliminary inverse modelling using a Bayesian synthesis technique is performed using pseudodata generated to represent possible future measurement regimes. This study will focus on the ability of in-situ measurements within Australia to reduce the uncertainties in Australian continental CO2 flux estimates. The specific measurements investigated include a Ghan railway transect between Adelaide (34.9°S, 138.6°E) and Darwin (12.5°S, 130.9°E), and a number of continuous permanent sites. The reduction in flux uncertainties from additional measurements compared to a background inversion is examined, from which it is concluded that measuring on the Ghan railway is potentially worthwhile for reducing uncertainties associated with flux estimates.


Author's Names: N.M. Deutscher, R.M. Law, D.W.T. Griffith, and G.W. Bryant
Filesize: 54.41 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 33
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  PRECISION REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACE-BASED XCO2 DATA 
Description:

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) mission will deliver space-based observations of atmospheric CO2 with the potential to resolve many of the uncertainties in the spatial and temporal variability of carbon sources and sinks.  Our assessments of the measurement requirements for space-based remote sensing of atmospheric CO2 conclude that the data must support retrievals of the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction, XCO2, with precisions of 3 to 4 ppm to resolve the annually averaged gradients between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, but higher precision (1 to 2 ppm) will be needed to resolve East-West gradients and questions like the location and spatial extent of the Northern Hemisphere terrestrial carbon sink.  These conclusions are derived from the results of observational system simulation experiments (OSSEs) and synthesis inversion models [Rayner and O’Brien, 2001; O’Brien and Rayner, 2002; Rayner et al., 2002]. The XCO2 precision requirements also considered the OCO mission design, the amplitude of XCO2 spatial and temporal gradients, and the relationship between XCO2 data precision and regional scale surface CO2 flux uncertainties inferred from XCO2 data.


Author's Names: C. E. Miller, D. Crisp, P. L. DeCola, S. C. Olsen, et al
Filesize: 31.53 Kb
Added on: 02-Aug-2005 Downloads: 33
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  VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION OF HIGH DENSITY ATMOSPHERIC CO2 DATA:... 
Description:

High-frequency atmospheric CO2 measurements should become increasingly available by the end of this decade from a variety of sources, including low-Earth orbiting satellites. If of sufficient accuracy, these should allow the functioning of the global carbon cycle to be monitored at fine time/space resolutions using atmospheric transport inversions. Since traditional direct inversion methods (e.g., Bayesian synthesis) become computationally infeasible at these resolutions, we use an approximate method, variational data assimilation, to estimate surface CO2 fluxes at spatial resolutions ranging from 10x10 degrees to 1x1 degrees and at time resolutions ranging from 2 weeks to 1 hour. We assess its performance using simulated data, including the effects of realistic transport and data errors.


Author's Names: D.F. Baker, S. Doney, and D. Schimel
Filesize: 12.88 Kb
Added on: 25-Jul-2005 Downloads: 34
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  A FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATED GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC CARBON OBSERVATIONS: IGCO AND IGACO 
Description:

A major challenge in reaching a better understanding of global change is the integration of global carbon observations at different scales, made in the atmosphere, ocean and terrestrial domains.  This is essential to optimize efforts supporting national, regional and international policy related to the global carbon cycle.  The partners of the Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS-P) representing all players in carbon cycle research and monitoring recognised this and produced, with the help of an international panels of experts, published theme reports on the Carbon Cycle (IGCO) and on Atmospheric Chemistry (IGACO).  These themes contain recommendations on how to more effectively coordinate and fill gaps in global Earth observations. 


Author's Names: P. Ciais, L. Barrie and R. Dargaville
Filesize: 120.85 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 34
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  VERTICAL AIRCRAFT PROFILES OVER EUROPE 
Description:

Regular vertical profiles over Europe were set up in 2001 as part of the AEROCARB and Carboeurope-IP projects at five locations: Griffin (56°36'N, 3°47'W, Scotland), OrlĂ©ans (47°50'N, 2°30'E, France), Schauinsland (47°55'N, 7°55'E, Germany), Hegyhatsal (46°57'N, 16°39'E, Hungary), and Bialystok (53.20°N, 22.75°E, Poland). The objective of the program is to measure CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, CO, 13C and 18O in CO2 vertical profiles at a bi-weekly frequency using air samples taken up at several levels from 100m up to 3000 m above the ground surface. One liter flasks are sampled on board small aircraft using a standardised protocol. The samples are analysed at three laboratories (LSCE, MPI-BGC, IUP-UHEI) which are linked through regular intercomparison exercises. We have characterised for each site the CO2 seasonal cycles within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL: 14 to 20 ppm) and the free troposphere (FT: 10 to 13 ppm). From these signals we have calculated the difference between ABL and FT, known as the CO2 'jump', which will be compared to the simulations from atmospheric transport models. We have also calculated the offset between each airborne sampling site and the time series from Mace Head observatory, used as a maritime reference. For CO2, the wintertime offsets at the lowest level of the average vertical profiles are ranging from 0 ppm in Scotland up to 10 ppm in all continental sites. Depending of the site the positive offset due to emissions from anthropogenic and biospheric processes may extend up to 300 to 1500 m agl. In summertime we observe a negative gradient in most of the sites with a typical decrease of 5 ppm between 2000m and 100m agl. The average vertical gradients will be compared to the ouput of atmospheric models, and will be analysed with regards to the other trace gas (CO, CH4, and CO2 isotopes).


Author's Names: M. Ramonet, L.Haszpra, K. Katrynski, I. Levin, et al
Filesize: 16.60 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 34
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  A HINDCAST OF SURFACE OCEAN PCO2 AND AIR-SEA CO2 FLUX PRODUCED BY A DATA-ASSIMILATING OGCM ... 
Description:

The primary aim of the Centre for Observation of Air-sea Interactions and Fluxes (CASIX) is to estimate accurately the air-sea fluxes of CO2. Under CASIX, a high resolution ocean general circulation model, coupled to an ocean biogeochemistry model, has been used to provide estimates of surface ocean pCO2 and air-sea fluxes of CO2 for the year 2003. An initial global simulation was run at 1 degree horizontal resolution, providing boundary conditions for a limited area North Atlantic model at 1/3 degree resolution. Observed temperature and salinity data were assimilated into the model. Temporal variability in the resulting pCO2 fields are compared to observations, and the primary production and pCO2 results of the two different resolution runs are compared.


Author's Names: S.K.Liddicoat, R.M.Barciela, J.C.P. Hemmings, et al
Filesize: 51.99 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 36
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  TOWARDS A NEW ISOPYCNIC OCEAN CARBON CYCLE MODEL 
Description:
Numerical ocean carbon cycle models are the primary tools to predict the ocean's response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. So far most of these have been based of physical components with geometric vertical levels. While permitting an accurate computation of the horizontal pressure gradient driving geostrophic flow, vertical discretization on z-levels leads to spurious diapycnal mixing and upwelling. Isopycnic ocean models have an advantage over those with geometric vertical layers in that their vertical coordinate mimics the real structure of the water column as stratified layers of constant density, and thus avoid artificial mixing and advection in the ocean interior. Their disadvantages include the problem of massless layers, the necessity to add a mixed layer model to adequately represent surface processes, and the induction of a horizontal pressure gradient error by the sloping density surfaces. Models with different vertical schemes thus complement each other and can be used as one basis for an uncertainty assessment.

Author's Names: K.M. Assmann, C. Heinze, H. Drange, M. Bentsen, and K. Lygre
Filesize: 19.62 Kb
Added on: 25-Jul-2005 Downloads: 37
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  DETERMINING CO2 FLUX COMPONENTS IN THE DENVER URBAN ECOSYSTEM 
Description:
Within urban ecosystems are strong anthropogenic emissions of CO2 as well as significant CO2 sinks associated with vegetation. CO2 profiles and net flux of CO2 (NEE) over Denver was measured over a multi-year period and compared with certain component fluxes (soil surface net flux, and emissions from fossil fuel combustion). CO2 concentration and NEE typically exhibits a diurnal trend, apparently due to emissions from transportation and sequestration by vegetation.

Author's Names: D. E. Anderson and T. Thienelt
Filesize: 22.21 Kb
Added on: 25-Jul-2005 Downloads: 38
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  THE IMPACT OF TRANSPORT AND ESTIMATION ERRORS ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERANNUAL CO2 FLUX... 
Description:

Transport-based inversions of atmospheric CO2 concentration measurements have been used by several groups [e.g., Bousquet, et al., 2000; Rödenbeck, et al., 2003; Baker, et al., 2005] to estimate monthly regional CO2 fluxes from the 1980s to the present. When compared at the scale of broad latitude bands, the inter-annual variability (IAV) of these results is broadly consistent. This agreement breaks down, however, when the fluxes are partitioned regionally inside these latitude bands, or even into global land/ocean totals. We show here that this disagreement can largely be explained by random estimation errors and transport model errors affecting the estimates.


Author's Names: D.F. Baker, R. Law, and K.R. Gurney
Filesize: 197.31 Kb
Added on: 25-Jul-2005 Downloads: 38
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  A REGIONAL-SCALE ANALYSIS OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO CO2 IN THE MIDWEST: ... 
Description:

Atmospheric observations obtained during intensive field experiments are used to characterize regional sources and test data assimilation techniques. In this study, the STEM-2K1 (Sulfur Transport Eulerian Model, version 2K1) and its adjoint model are applied to the analysis of observations from aircraft platforms made during the summer 2004 ICARTT (International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport) experiment. Observed ratios between CO2 and tracers and model derived airmass markers are used to identify emission signatures, indicating the influence of different sources. Model derived influence functions along with assimilated transport model results of anthropogenic tracers are used to characterize the anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the Midwest during the summer 2004 period. This analysis gives an initial look at the Midwest domain which is the focus of the expansion of NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laboratory’s tall tower observation network and the upcoming Mid-Continent NACP Intensive Campaign.


Author's Names: J.E. Campbell, C.O. Stanier, G.R. Carmichael, et al
Filesize: 13.03 Kb
Added on: 27-Jul-2005 Downloads: 39
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     Talk History
Friday, September 30
· Discussion Panel
· Nitrogen Regulation of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems in Respons
· The Role of Water Relations in Driving Grassland Ecosystem Responses to Rising A
· Unraveling the Decline in High-latitude Surface Ocean Carbonate
Thursday, September 29
· Hazards of Temperature on Food Availability in Changing Environments (HOT-FACE)
· The Amazon and the Modern Carbon Cycle
· New Coupled Climate-carbon Simulations from the IPSL Model
· The Changing Carbon Cycle
· What are the Most Important Factors for Climate-carbon Cycle Coupling?
· CO2 Uptake of the Marine Biosphere
· European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i
· Persistence of Nitrogen Limitation over Terrestrial Carbon Uptake
· Atmospheric CO2, Carbon Isotopes, the Sun, and Climate Change over the Last Mill
· Proposing a Mechanistic Understanding of Atmospheric CO2 During the late Pleist
· Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4) and Climate Evolution since 650 kyrs Deduced from Anta
Wednesday, September 28
· (In and) Out of Africa: Estimating the Carbon Exchange of a Continent
· Recent Shifts in Soil Dynamics on Growing Season Length, Productivity, and...
· Interannual Variability in the Carbon Exchange Using an Ecosystem-fire Model
· Photosynthesis and Respiration in Forests in Response to Environmental Changes
· Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in Japan
· Estimating Landscape-level Carbon Fluxes from Tower CO2 Mixing Ratio Measurement
· Monitoring Effects in Climate and Fire Regime on Net Ecosystem Production
· Radiative Forcing from a Boreal Forest Fire
· The Influence of Soil and Water Management on Carbon Erosion and Burial
· Spatial and Temporal Patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes in Ecosystems
· Modeling the History of Terrestrial Carbon Sources and Sinks
· The Age of Carbon Respired from Terrestrial Ecosystems
· Discussion Panel
· The Underpinnings of Land Use History
Tuesday, September 27
· Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories

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The 7th International CO2 Conference

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