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Category: Main/Abstracts/Carbon Cycle Response to Environmental Change


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  AEOLIAN INPUT OF BIO-AVAILABLE IRON TO THE OCEAN  Popular
Description:

Atmospheric deposition of mineral dust aerosols supplies the essential nutrient of iron to the ocean.  However, only the readily soluble iron is available to biological uptake while the insoluble iron precipitates to the ocean bottom.  Here we present a global model simulation of Aeolian iron input to the ocean, considering hematite dissolution in mineral dust aerosols catalyzed by nitric and sulfuric acids.  Our model suggests that atmospheric deposition of soluble iron to the oceans is much larger than previous model results in high nitrate low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions. 


Author's Names: S.-M. Fan, W. J. Moxim, and H. Levy II
Filesize: 482.29 Kb
Added on: 05-Aug-2005 Downloads: 69
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  ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION AND MODELING OF THE EARTH SYSTEM: INTEGRATING HUMAN PROCESSES WITH ... 
Description:

There is a growing recognition that the Earth itself is a single system within which the biosphere is an active component. Human activities are now so pervasive and profound in their consequences that they affect the Earth at a global scale in complex, interactive and apparently accelerating ways. The new IGBP project, Analysis, Integration and Modeling of the Earth System (AIMES) is charged with integrating human processes with Earth system processes.


Author's Names: K.A. Hibbard and D.S. Schimel
Filesize: 12.08 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 49
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  ASSESSMENT OF WINTER FLUXES OF CO2 AND CH4 IN BLACK SPRUCE FOREST SOILS OF CENTRAL ...  Popular
Description:

This research was carried out to estimate the winter fluxes of CO2 and CH4 by the concentration profile method (indirect) and the chamber method (direct) at black spruce forest soils of central Alaska during the winter 2004/5. The average winter fluxes of CO2 and CH4 by the indirect and direct methods were 0.24±0.06 (SE; standard error) and 0.21±0.06 gCO2-C/m2/d, and 21.4±5.6 and 21.4±14 µgCH4-C/m2/h, respectively.  The fluxes estimated by two methods are not a significant difference based on a one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level.  The winter CO2 flux corresponds to 30% of the annual CO2 emitted from Alaskan black spruce forest soils.  The average winter emissions of CO2 and CH4 were 49±13 gCO2-C/m2 and 4.5±3.0 mgCH4-C/m2, respectively.  This suggests that the winter emissions of CO2 and CH4 are an important part of the annual carbon budget in seasonally snow-covered terrain.


Author's Names: Yongwon Kim, Masa Ueyama, Noriyuki Tanaka, et al
Filesize: 50.11 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 65
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  ATMOSPHERIC CO2, CARBON ISOTOPES, THE SUN AND CLIMATE CHANGE OVER THE LAST MILLENNIUM  Popular
Description:
The records of atmospheric CO2 and of NH surface temperature covering the past millennium hold information on the strength of the sensitivity of the global carbon cycle to climate changes. This sensitivity is defined as the change in atmospheric CO2 in response to a given change in NH temperature in units of ppm K-1. The magnitude of the sensitivity is estimated for modest (< 1 K) temperature variations from simulations with the Bern Carbon Cycle Climate model driven with solar and volcanic forcing over the last millennium and from simulations with the range of C4MIP models over the industrial periods. The model results are broadly compatible with the data-deduced range.

Author's Names: F. Joos, S. Gerber, S.A. Müller, R. Muscheler
Filesize: 25.84 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 130
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  BIOGEOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN SUBTROPICAL AND SUBPOLAR MODE WATERS: A MINER’S CANARY FOR CLIMATE ... 
Description:

Long-term observations of carbon, nutrients and oxygen in upper thermocline waters, such as subtropical and subpolar mode waters, have revealed substantial interannual to decadal variations. While part of this variability can be ascribed to internal ocean and ecosystem dynamics as well as large-scale climate phenomena (like ENSO, NAO or the PDO), we presently do not know to which extent this variability is influenced by anthropogenic climate change. As a first step to answer this detection question, the impact of natural variability on biogeochemical properties in thermocline waters must be understood and quantified. This permits us then to accurately describe the natural "noise" against which an anthropogenic change needs to be detected. Subtropical and subpolar mode waters may be ideally suited to look at this task since they tend to respond sensitively to climate variations, integrate short-time scale variations over time, and hence exhibit maximum signal to noise ratio. We investigate the role of mode water formation and spreading on interannual to decadal accumulation and release of nutrients and carbon by analyzing results from model runs with the Upper Ocean Model [Danabasoglu and McWilliams 2000] coupled to the ecosystem model of Moore et al. [2002]. We compare results from a run forced with NCEP reanalysis data for the period from 1948 to present with a climatological control run. To better isolate the mechanisms forcing these biogeochemical changes, we compare our results also to a set of experiments in which we manipulate the wind stress forcing and sea surface temperature fields of the model locally.


Author's Names: H. Brix and N. Gruber
Filesize: 92.29 Kb
Added on: 27-Jul-2005 Downloads: 44
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  CANOPY UPTAKE OF ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN AT A CONIFER FOREST: ENHANCED PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY ... 
Description:
A field study at the Niwot conifer forest within the footprint of an AmeriFlux tower site used fluorometry (chlorophyll fluorescence) to identify a mechanism by which canopy uptake of atmospheric/anthropo­genic N deposition may influence photosynthesis and net ecosystem exchange (NEE). Correlation of daytime NEE with canopy N uptake (CNU) had suggested a linkage.  Strongly differing N additions were spray applied (simulating wet deposition) to spruce branches. Photochemical efficiency was markedly enhanced in N-treated branches under high light with a concomitant reduction in foliar photodamage and/or in PAR-induced foliar heat dissipation.  Photosynthesis and NEE enhancement were statistically related to CNU.

Author's Names: H. Sievering, T. Tomaszewski, and R. Boyce
Filesize: 84.50 Kb
Added on: 04-Aug-2005 Downloads: 41
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  CARBON, WATER AND LAND USE IN THE WESTERN GREAT PLAINS: MANAGEMENT IMPACTS ON LOCAL AND REGIONAL ... 
Description:

This research investigates how land use in the shortgrass steppe of eastern Colorado impacts short and long-term water, carbon and energy dynamics.  A large and homogeneous area of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grassland near Briggsdale, Colorado, was selected for this experiment and divided into three 40 hectare plots. An open-path eddy flux system was established in each plot and measurements made during a baseline comparison prior to land use transformation.  The three treatments include an un-grazed grassland (control), a moderate intensity grazing treatment, and a dry-land agricultural rotation (winter wheat-hay millet; considered optimal for this low rainfall area of Colorado).  We report on the trajectories of carbon, water and energy fluxes in theses three land use systems and analyze how altered carbon storage and water use efficiency may impact short-term land surface-atmosphere interactions, as well as long-term source-sink relationships, water conservation, productivity and sustainability.


Author's Names: N.P. Hanan, T.C. Peterson, and C.A. Williams
Filesize: 71.47 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 46
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  CARBON-CLIMATE INTERACTIONS: RESULTS FROM THE CSIRO GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL  Popular
Description:

Using the CSIRO global climate model (CCAM) coupled with a terrestrial carbon cycle model, we carried out two simulations using the protocol of C4MIP (Coupled Carbon Cycle Climate Model Intercomparison Project) Phase I to study the influences of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and changes in sea surface temperature over the last 100 years on CO­2 between atmosphere and 11 biomes. It was found that the inter-annual variation of net ecosystem prediction of global terrestrial biosphere is significantly correlated to the variation of land surface temperature from 1980 to 1999, and the increase in net ecosystem production can be largely explained by the increase in net primary production from CO2 fertilization from 1970 to 1999 in our model. The response of net ecosystem production to CO2 fertilization is strongest in tropical rainforest and not significant in tundra. Our estimates of net ecosystem production of global terrestrial biosphere in 1990’s agree well with the results from an inversion study by Allison et al. [this volume].


Author's Names: Y.P. Wang, E.A. Kowalczyk, and R.M. Law
Filesize: 55.91 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 54
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  CARBON-CLIMATE SYSTEM FEEDBACKS TO NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE 
Description:

A new three-dimensional global coupled carbon-climate model is presented in the framework of the Community Climate System Model (CSM-1.4). A 1000-year control simulation has stable global annual mean surface temperature and atmospheric CO2 with no flux adjustment in either physics or biogeochemistry. At low frequencies (timescale > 20 years), the ocean tends to damp (20-25%) slow, natural variations in atmospheric CO2 generated by the terrestrial biosphere. Transient experiments (1820-2100) show that carbon sink strengths are inversely related to the rate of fossil fuel emissions, so that carbon storage capacities of the land and oceans decrease and climate warming accelerates with faster CO2 emissions. There is a positive feedback between the carbon and climate systems, so that climate warming acts to increase the airborne fraction of anthropogenic CO2 and amplify the climate change itself. Globally, the amplification is small at the end of the 21st century in our model because of its low transient climate response and the near-cancellation between large regional changes in the hydrologic and ecosystem responses.


Author's Names: S.C. Doney. K. Lindsay, I. Fung, and J. John
Filesize: 71.56 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 47
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  CLIMATE AND DISTURBANCE EFFECTS ON GROSS ECOSYSTEM FLUXES ASSESSED BY MODEL-DATA FUSION  Popular
Description:

We implement a model-data fusion method to determine the gross flux components contributing to the net ecosystem exchange of a Ponderosa pine forest in Oregon. This site-level investigation represents a test-run of the method, which will later be applied to all of Oregon and north California.


Author's Names: J.M. Styles, B.E. Law, D. Turner, W. Cohen, and G. Whitley
Filesize: 48.86 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 50
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     Talk History
Friday, September 30
· Discussion Panel
· Nitrogen Regulation of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems in Respons
· The Role of Water Relations in Driving Grassland Ecosystem Responses to Rising A
· Unraveling the Decline in High-latitude Surface Ocean Carbonate
Thursday, September 29
· Hazards of Temperature on Food Availability in Changing Environments (HOT-FACE)
· The Amazon and the Modern Carbon Cycle
· New Coupled Climate-carbon Simulations from the IPSL Model
· The Changing Carbon Cycle
· What are the Most Important Factors for Climate-carbon Cycle Coupling?
· CO2 Uptake of the Marine Biosphere
· European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i
· Persistence of Nitrogen Limitation over Terrestrial Carbon Uptake
· Atmospheric CO2, Carbon Isotopes, the Sun, and Climate Change over the Last Mill
· Proposing a Mechanistic Understanding of Atmospheric CO2 During the late Pleist
· Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4) and Climate Evolution since 650 kyrs Deduced from Anta
Wednesday, September 28
· (In and) Out of Africa: Estimating the Carbon Exchange of a Continent
· Recent Shifts in Soil Dynamics on Growing Season Length, Productivity, and...
· Interannual Variability in the Carbon Exchange Using an Ecosystem-fire Model
· Photosynthesis and Respiration in Forests in Response to Environmental Changes
· Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in Japan
· Estimating Landscape-level Carbon Fluxes from Tower CO2 Mixing Ratio Measurement
· Monitoring Effects in Climate and Fire Regime on Net Ecosystem Production
· Radiative Forcing from a Boreal Forest Fire
· The Influence of Soil and Water Management on Carbon Erosion and Burial
· Spatial and Temporal Patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes in Ecosystems
· Modeling the History of Terrestrial Carbon Sources and Sinks
· The Age of Carbon Respired from Terrestrial Ecosystems
· Discussion Panel
· The Underpinnings of Land Use History
Tuesday, September 27
· Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories

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The 7th International CO2 Conference

The Omni Interlocken Resort
September 25th - 30th
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