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Category: Main/Abstracts/Land Use and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle


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  SPATIAL PATTERNS OF CARBON RESIDENCE TIMES AND SEQUESTRATION CAPACITY IN ECOSYSTEM OF THE ... 
Description:

To properly model carbon (C) sequestration capacity and its spatial pattern in the conterminous USA, the model parameters of C turnover times should be identified. In this study, we inversed the C turnover times based on a process-based model that combining Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA model) and vegetation and soil carbon transfer (VAST) model. The genetic algorithm was used in this study to search for optimal parameters of C turnover times. After inversing the spatial pattern of C turnover times, we modeled the carbon sequestration capacity by using a forward model under current NPP increase trend that derived from satellite data.


Author's Names: T. Zhou, and Y. Luo
Filesize: 174.10 Kb
Added on: 09-Aug-2005 Downloads: 25
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  SOIL CO2 CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES IN A PLOW-MANAGED AGRICULTURAL FIELD, A GRASS FIELD AND A FOREST 
Description:

In this paper we briefly introduce our results of soil CO2 concentrations in an arable field in the campus of NIAES, a grass field and a pine forest in central mountaneous area in Japan.  The soil CO2 concentrations seasonally variated with soil temperature changes at all the three sites.  Temporal variations in CO2 concentrations in the arable and the grass field were more linked to changes in soil moisture than those in the forest. Soil CO2 concentrations were generally largest in the grass field. CO2 concentrations at the grass field and pine forest under snow cover showed positive relationship with snow depth.


Author's Names: S. Yonemura, M. Yokozawa, Y. Shirato, S. Sekikawa, et al
Filesize: 482.89 Kb
Added on: 09-Aug-2005 Downloads: 19
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  SPATIO-TEMPORAL EVALUATION OF SOIL CARBON STORAGE OF CROPLANDS IN JAPAN 
Description:

We evaluated the current status and the future projection of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in Japanese croplands (paddy and upland), using a soil carbon turnover model. The model based on the RothC involves the modification after verification of turnover processes of SOC for the main soil type in Japan, Andosols. The objectives of this study are to i) evaluate the spatial distribution of SOC storage, ii) estimate the annual input organic matter for reaching the equilibrium, and iii) simulate time changes of SOC storage with changing agricultural practices as well as climate conditions.


Author's Names: M. Yokozawa, Y. Shirato, S. Yonemura and T. Sakamoto
Filesize: 59.58 Kb
Added on: 09-Aug-2005 Downloads: 24
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  LINKS BETWEEN GLOBAL CO2 VARIABILITY AND CLIMATE ANOMALIES OF BIOMES 
Description:

The global rate of fossil fuel combustion continues to rise, but the amount of CO2 accumulating in the atmosphere has not increased accordingly (Tans et al., 1990; Conway et al., 1994; Wofsy, 2001).  The causes for this discrepancy are widely debated (Houghton, 2003).  In particular, the location and drivers for the interannual variability of atmospheric CO2 are highly uncertain.  Here we examine links between global atmospheric CO2 growth rate (CGR) and the climate anomalies of biomes based on ten years (1986-1995) of global climate data and accompanying satellite data sets.  Our results show that four biomes, the tropical rainforest, tropical savanna, C4 grassland and boreal forest, and their responses to climate anomalies, are the major climate-sensitive CO2 sinks/sources that control the CGR.  The nature and magnitude by which these biomes respond to climate anomalies are generally not the same.  However, one common influence did emerge from our analysis; the extremely high CGR that was observed for the one extreme El Niño year was caused by the response of the tropical biomes (rainforest, savanna and C4 grassland) to temperature.


Author's Names: C. Yi, T. Zhou, P. S. Bakwin, L. Zhu and R. K. Monson
Filesize: 43.61 Kb
Added on: 09-Aug-2005 Downloads: 29
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  EFFECT OF INCLUDING CO2 VERTICAL PROFILES ON PARTITIONING CARBON SOURCES AND SINKS BETWEEN ... 
Description:

Understanding the geographical distribution of carbon uptake by the terrestrial biosphere is critical for predicting future trends of atmospheric CO2.  With inverse techniques, atmospheric CO2 measurements can be used to estimate this uptake. The results from this approach, however, depend on the accuracy of the transport model(s).  Because of the covariance between the seasonally-varying biosphere exchange and the strength of vertical mixing (the rectifier effect), using only the surface CO2 observations for this analysis yields an inferred carbon flux that is highly sensitive to the details of the boundary-layer dynamics in the transport model [Gurney et al., 2004]. One possible way to reduce the sensitivity of these inversions to poorly-represented boundary-layer dynamics is to use CO2 vertical profiles (and/or column CO2 measurements) in addition to surface observations. In theory, multi-level aircraft CO2 measurements from several well-positioned sites are capable of improving the estimate of the true annual mean inter-hemisphere CO2 gradient and thereby improving the estimate of the partitioning of carbon sinks between the two hemispheres.


Author's Names: Z. Yang, N. Krakauer, P. Wennberg, J. Randerson
Filesize: 23.84 Kb
Added on: 09-Aug-2005 Downloads: 24
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  SATELLITE-BASED MODELING OF GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF DECIDUOUS FOREST AND GRASSLAND SITES ... 
Description:
The satellite-based Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM) that estimates seasonal dynamics of gross primary production (GPP) of vegetation was applied to 5 European forest and grassland sites. The relatively simple VPM model is based upon light absorption by leaf chlorophyll, leaf water content and leaf age. The current version of the VPM model relates the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) to light absorption by leaf chlorophyll and the Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) to leaf water content, modifying implied functional relationships within the model according to daily air temperature and photo-synthetically active radiation input. We used site-specific climate data and CO2 flux data of the year 2002 from three beech forest sites and two grassland/cropland sites of the CARBOEUROPE network for testing.

Author's Names: Xiangming Xiao
Filesize: 11.46 Kb
Added on: 09-Aug-2005 Downloads: 25
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  CARBON FLUXES AND LAI EVOLUTION IN THE ECMWF LAND SURFACE SCHEME 
Description:

The Ags parameterization of canopy conductance from ISBA-Ags is implemented in TESSEL, the ECMWF land surface scheme. We present first results of the investigation of the model behavior in view of an operational use in a data assimilation system. It is shown that the performance of the Ags module is sensitive to the land surface model in which it is embedded.


Author's Names: M.H. Voogt, L. Jarlan and B.J.J.M. van den Hurk
Filesize: 100.53 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 29
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  INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN TERRESTRIAL CARBON EXCHANGE USING AN ECOSYSTEM FIRE MODEL  Popular
Description:

We have incorporated a semi-mechanistic fire model into the SEVER Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM). The model produces estimates of net primary productivity (NPP), heterotrophic respiration (HR) and fire carbon emission (FE) for the globe. This model was run for the period 1957-2002 with the NCEP climate reanalysis data as an input. Results were compared with the ATSR area burnt maps and a Time Dependent Inverse (TDI) model fluxes of CO2. We find that on interannual time scales NPP variability explains major part of flux variability simulated by the TDI model, followed by the HR and FE contributions.


Author's Names: Sergey Venevsky, Prabir K. Patra, Shamil Maksyutov, et al
Filesize: 64.05 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 162
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  ACCURATE SIMULATION OF LOCAL DAILY CARBON FLUXES USING LARGE SCALE CLIMATE DATA SETS: EXAMPLE ...  Popular
Description:

A Dynamic Global Vegetation Model SEVER [Venevsky, Maksyutov, 2005] was applied for the fourteen EUROFLUX sites [Valentini, 2003] with a large scale daily NCEP climate data as an input (0.5º x 0.5º degree spatial resolution) for years 1997-2000 and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) calculated and observed were compared. Requirements for accurate estimate of local daily NEE flux from a large scale climate data set were found.


Author's Names: Sergey Venevsky, Shamil Maksyutov, Gen Inoue
Filesize: 42.02 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 69
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  REGIONAL-SCALE CHARACTERIZATION OF SUMMERTIME CO2 SOURCES AND SINKS OVER THE CONTERMINOUS ... 
Description:

Fast-response (1-s resolution) CO2 measurements were recorded aboard the NASA DC-8 during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment – North America (INTEX-NA) mission.  Utilizing a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer-based sampling system, measurements were obtained over sparsely sampled areas of North America and adjacent ocean basins providing valuable regional-scale information on carbon sources and sinks.


Author's Names: S.A. Vay, Y. Choi, J.-H. Woo, and K. Prasad
Filesize: 369.00 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 41
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     Talk History
Friday, September 30
· Discussion Panel
· Nitrogen Regulation of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems in Respons
· The Role of Water Relations in Driving Grassland Ecosystem Responses to Rising A
· Unraveling the Decline in High-latitude Surface Ocean Carbonate
Thursday, September 29
· Hazards of Temperature on Food Availability in Changing Environments (HOT-FACE)
· The Amazon and the Modern Carbon Cycle
· New Coupled Climate-carbon Simulations from the IPSL Model
· The Changing Carbon Cycle
· What are the Most Important Factors for Climate-carbon Cycle Coupling?
· CO2 Uptake of the Marine Biosphere
· European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i
· Persistence of Nitrogen Limitation over Terrestrial Carbon Uptake
· Atmospheric CO2, Carbon Isotopes, the Sun, and Climate Change over the Last Mill
· Proposing a Mechanistic Understanding of Atmospheric CO2 During the late Pleist
· Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4) and Climate Evolution since 650 kyrs Deduced from Anta
Wednesday, September 28
· (In and) Out of Africa: Estimating the Carbon Exchange of a Continent
· Recent Shifts in Soil Dynamics on Growing Season Length, Productivity, and...
· Interannual Variability in the Carbon Exchange Using an Ecosystem-fire Model
· Photosynthesis and Respiration in Forests in Response to Environmental Changes
· Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in Japan
· Estimating Landscape-level Carbon Fluxes from Tower CO2 Mixing Ratio Measurement
· Monitoring Effects in Climate and Fire Regime on Net Ecosystem Production
· Radiative Forcing from a Boreal Forest Fire
· The Influence of Soil and Water Management on Carbon Erosion and Burial
· Spatial and Temporal Patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes in Ecosystems
· Modeling the History of Terrestrial Carbon Sources and Sinks
· The Age of Carbon Respired from Terrestrial Ecosystems
· Discussion Panel
· The Underpinnings of Land Use History
Tuesday, September 27
· Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories

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The 7th International CO2 Conference

The Omni Interlocken Resort
September 25th - 30th
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