DAILY EUROPEAN CO2 SOURCES AND SINKS INFERRED BY INVERSION OF ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT
Description:
We present a synthesis
Bayesian inverse method to optimize one year of daily fluxes at model
resolution (50x50 km over Europe) by inversion of continuous CO2
measurements, daily averaged over Europe (10 sites). Based on a synthetic data
analysis, we studied the impact of three different spatial and temporal
correlations on flux errors. We found that the present network is too sparse to
efficiently constrain European fluxes at model resolution even with the
assumption of perfect transport. However, the agreement between the optimized
fluxes and the true fluxes is improved when aggregated in space and time,
mainly for 8-10 days fluxes over Western Europe.
This region is indeed surrounded by our network. The spatial correlation scheme
used was found to have a negligible impact on this agreement. Adding a white
noise on pseudo-data to simulate transport model errors largely degrades the
agreement. Using real data, European flux variations becomes unreasonably large
due to the inability of our transport model to properly represent the CO2
concentrations at continental sites.
Author's Names: C. Carouge, P. Bousquet, P. Peylin, P. Ciais and P.J. Rayner
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CONTINUOUS AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE FLUXES AND MIXING RATIOS AND CARBON MONOXIDE ...
Description:
Results
of airborne CO2 and CO observations from the NSF/NCAR C-130 platform
during the Gulf
of Tehuantepec Experiment
(GOTEX 2004) and the Airborne component of the Carbon in the Mountains
Experiment (ACME 2004) will be
presented. A modified commercial vacuum ultraviolet fluorescence instrument
monitored CO mixing ratios. CO measurements were used to help identify air
masses recently influenced by combustion emissions. CO2 mixing
ratios were measured using a pressure- and temperature-controlled LI-COR 6252
analyzer. Control of time response
allowed operation of the CO2 instrument in two modes for application
to either low altitude eddy covariance or higher altitude mixing ratio
measurements. Performance will be assessed, including accuracy estimates
derived from intercomparison activities.
Author's Names: Campos, T., S. Shertz, S. Hall, B. Stephens, and L. Husted
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A REGIONAL-SCALE ANALYSIS OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO CO2 IN THE MIDWEST: ...
Description:
Atmospheric observations obtained during intensive
field experiments are used to characterize regional sources and test data
assimilation techniques. In this study, the STEM-2K1
(Sulfur Transport Eulerian Model, version 2K1) and its adjoint model are applied
to the analysis of observations from aircraft platforms made during the summer
2004 ICARTT (International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport)
experiment. Observed ratios between CO2 and tracers and model
derived airmass markers are used to identify emission signatures, indicating
the influence of different sources. Model derived influence functions along
with assimilated transport model results of anthropogenic tracers are used to
characterize the anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the Midwest during the summer 2004 period. This analysis
gives an initial look at the Midwest domain
which is the focus of the expansion of NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic
Laboratory’s tall tower observation network and the upcoming Mid-Continent NACP
Intensive Campaign.
Author's Names: J.E. Campbell, C.O. Stanier, G.R. Carmichael, et al
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AN INCREASE OF GREENHOUSE GASES WITH CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDONESIA
Description:
The Greenhouse Effect is a natural phenomenon that warms up the
earth. It works on the same principles as the ordinary garden glasshouse, which
allows the light to get in, but does not allow the heat to get out. The earth is
surrounded by a shield of atmospheric gases primarily nitrogen (78 %), and
oxygen (21%). The remainder of the air composition is made up of what are
called as “trace gases,” which include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane
(CH4) etc. The earth maintains its temperature through insulation
with a 'thermal blanket' of greenhouse gases which allow penetration of the
sun's rays but prevent some heat radiating back into space. Light from the sun
penetrates the atmosphere and reaches the earth surface, warming it up.
Author's Names: Waluyo Eko Cahyono
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USING CONTINENTAL, CONTINUOUS CO2 OBSERVATIONS IN A TIME-DEPENDENT GLOBAL INVERSION ...
Description: Spatial
and temporal characteristics of land and ocean sources and sinks of carbon
remain elusive. Better understanding of the anthropogenic influences on these
carbon cycle dynamics is a common goal. This experiment is one of the efforts
to reach a middle ground of flux estimates for regions larger than experimental
plots and flux tower footprints, but smaller than continents and ocean basins.
This work tests the hypothesis that including well-calibrated continuous North
American continental CO2 measurements in the observation data used
in a global inversion will provide a constraint that improves inversion
estimates of the source and sink regions within North America. These continuous
data are collected at tall towers and flux towers. The experiment follows the
TransCom 3 synthesis inversion framework, using the NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center Parameterized Chemistry and
Transport Model (PCTM) with Goddard Earth Observing System, version 4 (GEOS-4)
meteorological data. Seasonal fluxes are estimated for a recent year for
sub-regions within North America and at continent and basin scale globally.
Methods of preparing the continental continuous CO2 measurements for
the inversion will be tested. Initial inversion results will be presented along
with recommendations for applicability to other global regions and use of the
method to evaluate additional sites for the measurement network.
Author's Names: M.P. Butler, A.S. Denning, K.R. Gurney, S.R. Kawa, et al
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RESOLUTION OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 INVERSIONS
Description: We consider the ability of an inverse model framework and observations
from the Cooperative Air Sampling Network to resolve fluxes at various scales
over a 20-year period. During this time the observational network underwent a
significant expansion. We calculate the resolution kernel to determine which
continental/ocean basin scale fluxes may be resolved, and which spatial
aggregations of fluxes are well resolved. In addition, the resolution kernel is
used to obtain insights into how source regions are constrained by individual
measurement sites.
Author's Names: L.M. Bruhwiler and W. Peters
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LARGE TEMPORAL AIR-SEA CO2 FLUX VARIATIONS IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN SOUTH OF TASMANIA
Description: We analysed the temporal variations of the CO2
system in the Southern Ocean south of Tasmania and compared the seasonality of
the carbon dioxide fugacity (fCO2)
and the air-sea CO2 flux during spring and summer for two different
years: 1996/97 and 2002/03. In summer, the CO2 flux presents large
and contrasting interannual changes in the Permanent Open Ocean Zone (POOZ,
53-61°S): the oceanic CO2 sink varies from about –0.3 mmol.m-2.d-1
in 1997 to –20.6 mmol.m-2.d-1 in 2003. This strong sink in
February 2003 was related to an increased phytoplankton biomass in this
high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) region.
Author's Names: E. Brévière, A. Poisson, B. Tilbrook, N. Metzl, et al
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INTERPRETATIONS OF SOUTHERN OCEAN CARBON CYCLE PROCESSES FROM ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS ...
Description: We present a 30+ year record
of continuous atmospheric CO2 concentrations and a 5 year record of
continuous O2 concentrations from Baring Head, New Zealand.
When compared to South Pole data, the CO2 concentrations indicate a
persistent, but variable net carbon sink in the Southern Ocean since the late
1970s. The amplitude of the seasonal cycle of O2 concentrations (expressed as “APO”, Atmospheric Potential
Oxygen) shows large inter-annual variability, suggesting high variability in
annual air-sea O2 fluxes, and thus also potentially
suggesting high variability in year to year marine productivity in the Southern
Ocean.
Author's Names: G.W. Brailsford, A.C. Manning, A.J. Gomez, and K. Riedel
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VARIABILITY OF OCEAN CO2 PARTIAL PRESSURE AND AIR-SEA CO2 FLUXES IN THE SUBANTARCTIC ZONE ...
Description: Seven CARIOCA lagrangian buoys drifted in the Subantarctic Zone, SAZ, of
the Indian and Pacific Ocean between 2001 and
2005. Measurements indicate that pCO2 in sea water is undersaturated
with respect to the atmospheric value and consequently the subantartic zone of
the Southern Ocean acts as a sink for atmospheric CO2 during all
seasons. Large observed pCO2 variability is associated with mixing
close to the subantarctic front, with biological activity and local warming.
These variabilities are higher than the seasonal cycle in the studied areas.
Author's Names: J. Boutin, L.Merlivat, and K.Currie
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INTERANNUAL METHANE SOURCES AND SINKS INFERRED BY INVERSION OF ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT AND CHEMISTRY
Description: The results of an optimisation of inter-annual
methane sources and sinks calculated by inversion of atmospheric observations
are presented and analysed for the 1984-2003 period. We focus our presentation
on sources trend and inter-annual variability. Comparisons with bottom-up
estimates are presented for biomass burning and wetlands emissions (only in the
poster).
Author's Names: P. Bousquet, D. Hauglustaine, John B. Miller, et al
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