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The 7th International CO2 Conference Web Site: The Fate of Fossil-Fuel Emissions

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 Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories

The Fate of Fossil-Fuel EmissionsBy Wouter Peters

We present an analysis of terrestrial net CO2 fluxes from North America for the period 2000-2004. These fluxes consist of hourly maps at ~70km×100km resolution that are consistent with observed atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios, as well as with varying climatic conditions across different ecosystems as observed from space. The flux maps are created in a newly developed ensemble data assimilation system that consists of the atmospheric Transport Model v5 (TM5), the Vegetation Photosynthesis Respiration Model (VPRM), and an efficient Bayesian least-squares algorithm to optimize the fluxes from different biomes in VPRM against CO2 mixing ratios from the NOAA-CMDL observing network. The stochastic nature of the ensemble data assimilation system allows us to consistently include uncertainty on net CO2 fluxes from the neighboring oceans and more distant continents in the flux estimates for North America.

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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 15:45:00 MDT (1121 reads)
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 Initial Results from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network

The Fate of Fossil-Fuel Emissions

By Rebecca Washenfelder


The Total Carbon Column Observing Network is a new network of ground-based solar observatories, dedicated to column measurements of greenhouse gases. We present CO2 column abundances observed in Park Falls, Wisconsin and Lauder, New Zealand during May 2004 – June 2005. In Park Falls, Wisconsin, the peak-to-peak variation of column-average CO2 is approximately 13 ppmv. In Lauder, New Zealand, the peak-to-peak variation of column-average CO2 is approximately 4 ppmv. Assuming a secular trend of 2 ppmv yr-1, we infer a peak-to-peak seasonal amplitude of 11 ppmv and 2 ppmv for Park Falls and Lauder respectively. These values are higher than model predictions by Olsen and Randerson [2003].

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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 15:30:00 MDT (860 reads)
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 Estimation of Atmospheric CO2 from AIRS Infrared Satellite Radiances in the ECMW

The Fate of Fossil-Fuel EmissionsBy Richard Engelen

Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have been obtained from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiance data within the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data assimilation system. In a first explorative configuration, a subset of channels from the AIRS instrument has been assimilated providing estimates of tropospheric column-averaged CO2 mixing ratios representative of a layer between the tropopause and about 700 hPa at observation locations only. Results show considerable geographical and temporal variability with values ranging between 370 and 382 ppmv. The 5-day mean estimated random error is about 1%, which is confirmed by comparisons with flask observations on board flights of Japanese airliners in the west-Pacific region. This study demonstrates the feasibility of global CO2 estimation using high spectral resolution infrared satellite data in a numerical weather prediction data assimilation system. Currently, the system is being improved to treat CO2 as a full three-dimensional atmospheric variable included in the forecast model. This allows more flexibility in the constraints on the CO2 estimation as well as the possibility of assimilating other data sources (e.g., near-infrared satellite data and flasks). The CO2 fields provided by the data assimilation system have great potential to assist the surface flask network in constraining current top-down carbon flux estimates.

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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 15:15:00 MDT (837 reads)
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 CH4 Total Colums from Sciamachy - Comparison with Atmospheric Models

The Fate of Fossil-Fuel Emissionsby Peter Bergamaschi

A detailed comparison of global atmospheric CH4 retrievals from the space-borne spectrometer SCIAMACHY onboard the European environmental satellite ENVISAT is presented with the atmospheric transport models TM4 and TM5.

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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 15:00:00 MDT (851 reads)
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 New Views of the Oceanic Carbon Cycle from Autonomous Explorers

The Fate of Fossil-Fuel EmissionsBy Jim Bishop

A new paradigm for ocean carbon observations is emerging with the rapid advances in autonomous measurements of carbon systems with the success of robotic ocean profiling Carbon Explorers, autonomous sensors for particulate organic and inorganic carbon (POC and PIC), and new instruments which will measure year-long high frequency records of POC and PIC sedimentation in the very observation-poor but biologically-active upper kilometers of the ocean. The new observing capability described here is critical for improved prediction of the substantial biotic carbon flows in the ocean. There are excellent prospects for an enhanced ocean carbon observing system fully capable of autonomous real time monitoring, measurement, and verification of ocean carbon sequestration.

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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 11:45:00 MDT (882 reads)
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 Frequent Measurements of Atmospheric CO2 and other Trace Gas Species using Comme

The Fate of Fossil-Fuel EmissionsBy Toshinobu Michida

A new research project has started in 2003 to develop Continuous CO2 Measurement Equipment (CME) and Automatic Air Sampling Equipment (ASE) for commercial airlines. CMEs are planning to be installed on five aircrafts and fly to South East Asia, East Asia, Europe, North America, Pacific and Australia. Routine air sampling by ASE will be done twice a month between Japan and Australia. After issuing the certification, first observation flight by Boeing 747-400 will be conducted in October, 2005. Preliminary observation by small research aircraft indicates that CME produces reasonable results.

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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 11:30:00 MDT (893 reads)
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 Long-Term Observations of CO2 Concentrations and its Isotope Ratio over the West

The Fate of Fossil-Fuel EmissionsBy Hitoshi Mukai

Air was collected systematically from 1995 to 2005 over the Pacific from 30S to 55N in latitude by ships-of-opportunity to monitor global trend of CO2 concentration and its variation in the atmosphere. The monitoring results showed that three El Niño events during 10 years mostly affected regional and temporal variation of CO2 growth rate and its budget. Variation of carbon isotope ratio showed that the CO2 flux from terrestrial biosphere seemed to rapidly increase at that time, correlated with global temperature anomaly. Oxygen isotope ratio had increasing trend in this period, similar to the variation of temperature. Atmospheric 14CO2 variation also seemed to be influenced by El Niño event.

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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 11:00:00 MDT (890 reads)
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 Increasing the Temporal and Spatial Resolution of Fossil-Fuel Carbon Emissions E

The Fate of Fossil-Fuel Emissionsby T.J. Blasing

Numerical models of the carbon cycle are becoming increasingly sophisticated. One result of this is that these models now require fossil-fuel carbon-dioxide emissions data with sub-annual (e.g., seasonal) time resolution. They also require finer spatial resolution than national averages (i.e., than one point per nation). Finer spatial resolution is especially needed for countries as large in area as the United States of America (U.S.A.). Here we present a summary of monthly data for the entire nation, and annual data for each state in the U.S.A.

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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 10:45:00 MDT (896 reads)
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 EVALUATION OF CO AND SF6 AS QUANTITATIVE TRACERS FOR FOSSIL FUEL CO2: THE MODELL

The Fate of Fossil-Fuel Emissionsby Ingeborg Levin

Simulations with a regional transport model are evaluated in order to determine to which extend the indirect fossil fuel combustion tracer CO or the purely anthropogenic tracer SF6 can be used to retrieve the contribution of fossil fuel emissions in the atmospheric CO2 signal.

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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 10:30:00 MDT (892 reads)
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 An Empirical Estimate of the Southern Ocean Air-Sea CO2 Flux

The Fate of Fossil-Fuel Emissionsby Ben McNeil

A discrepancy exists between current estimates of the Southern Ocean air-sea flux of CO2. The most recent estimate using a combination of direct and climatologically-derived pCO2 measurements [Takahashi et al., 2002] (herein referred to as T02) suggests a Southern Ocean CO2 sink that is nearly two times greater that that suggested from general circulation models, atmospheric inverse models [Gurney et al., 2002] and oceanic inverse models [Gloor et al., 2003]. Here we employ an independent method to estimate the Southern ocean air-sea flux of CO2. Our method exploits all available surface measurements for Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (ALK) from 1986 to 1996. We show that surface age-normalized DIC can be predicted to within ~8mmol/kg and ~10mmol/kg for ALK using standard hydrographic properties, independent of season. The predictive equations are used in conjunction with World Ocean Atlas (2001) climatologies to estimate an annual cycle of DIC and ALK, while the pCO2 distribution is calculated using standard carbonate chemistry. For consistency we use the same gas transfer relationship and wind product from Takahashi et al, [2002] however, we include the effects of sea-ice. We estimate a Southern Ocean CO2 sink (>40°S) of -0.19±0.26 Pg C for 1995. Our estimates are smaller than those estimated by Takahashi et al, [2002], but consistent with atmospheric / oceanic inverse methods, general circulation models and provides further evidence that the Southern Ocean CO2 sink in relation to its oceanic surface area, is moderate on a global scale.

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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 09:28:28 MDT (1185 reads)
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     Talk History
Tuesday, September 27
· Variability of Ocean CO2 Partial Pressure and Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes in the Subantar
· Pacific Dominance to Global Air-Sea CO2 Flux Variability
· Oceanic CO2 Variability and the Influence of Storms on Air-Sea CO2 Flux
· DECADAL CHANGES IN OCEAN CARBON UPTAKE
Monday, September 26
· A direct carbon budgeting approach to study CO2 sources and sinks
· Oceanic Constraints on the Size of the Terrestrial CO2 Fertilization Sink
· A Decline in the Northern Hemisphere CO2 Sink from 1992 to 2003
· A 50 Year Record of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Relation to Fossil Fuel Emissions
· What Can We Learn from Intensive Atmospheric Sampling Field Programs?
· Estimates of APO Fluxes Based on O2/N2 and CO2 Concentration Measurements
· Global carbon sinks from the Scripps flask sampling networks
· Closing the Global Bomb Radiocarbon Budget
· OCEANIC SOURCES AND SINKS FOR ATMOSPHERIC CO2
· CLIMATE CHANGE: DESIGNING AN EFFECTIVE RESPONSE

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The 7th International CO2 Conference

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September 25th - 30th
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