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 | Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories |  |
 By Wouter Peters
We present an analysis of terrestrial net CO2 fluxes from North America for the period 2000-2004. These fluxes
consist of hourly maps at ~70km×100km resolution that are consistent with
observed atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios, as well as with varying
climatic conditions across different ecosystems as observed from space. The
flux maps are created in a newly developed ensemble data assimilation system
that consists of the atmospheric Transport Model v5 (TM5), the Vegetation
Photosynthesis Respiration Model (VPRM), and an efficient Bayesian
least-squares algorithm to optimize the fluxes from different biomes in VPRM
against CO2 mixing ratios from the NOAA-CMDL
observing network. The stochastic nature of the ensemble data assimilation
system allows us to consistently include uncertainty on net CO2 fluxes from the neighboring oceans and more distant continents
in the flux estimates for North America.
Link to Abstract
Linkto Slides
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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 15:45:00 MDT (1121 reads)
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| Estimation of Atmospheric CO2 from AIRS Infrared Satellite Radiances in the ECMW | |
By Richard Engelen
Atmospheric
CO2 concentrations have been obtained from the Atmospheric Infrared
Sounder (AIRS) radiance data within the European Centre for Medium-Range
Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data assimilation system. In a first explorative
configuration, a subset of channels from the AIRS instrument has been
assimilated providing estimates of tropospheric column-averaged CO2
mixing ratios representative of a layer between the tropopause and about 700
hPa at observation locations only. Results show considerable geographical and
temporal variability with values ranging between 370 and 382 ppmv. The 5-day
mean estimated random error is about 1%, which is confirmed by comparisons with
flask observations on board flights of Japanese airliners in the west-Pacific
region. This study demonstrates the feasibility of global CO2
estimation using high spectral resolution infrared satellite data in a
numerical weather prediction data assimilation system. Currently, the system is
being improved to treat CO2 as a full three-dimensional atmospheric
variable included in the forecast model. This allows more flexibility in the
constraints on the CO2 estimation as well as the possibility of
assimilating other data sources (e.g., near-infrared satellite data and
flasks). The CO2 fields provided by the data assimilation system
have great potential to assist the surface flask network in constraining
current top-down carbon flux estimates.
Link to Abstract
Link to Presentation
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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 15:15:00 MDT (837 reads)
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| CH4 Total Colums from Sciamachy - Comparison with Atmospheric Models | |
by Peter Bergamaschi
A
detailed comparison of global atmospheric CH4 retrievals from the
space-borne spectrometer SCIAMACHY onboard the European environmental satellite
ENVISAT is presented with the atmospheric transport models TM4 and TM5.
Link to Abstract
Link to Presentation
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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 15:00:00 MDT (851 reads)
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| New Views of the Oceanic Carbon Cycle from Autonomous Explorers | |
By Jim Bishop
A new paradigm for ocean carbon observations is
emerging with the rapid advances in autonomous measurements of carbon systems
with the success of robotic ocean profiling Carbon Explorers, autonomous
sensors for particulate organic and inorganic carbon (POC and PIC), and new instruments which will measure
year-long high frequency records of POC and PIC
sedimentation in the very observation-poor but biologically-active upper
kilometers of the ocean. The new observing capability described here is
critical for improved prediction of the substantial biotic carbon flows in the
ocean. There are excellent prospects for an enhanced ocean carbon observing
system fully capable of autonomous real time monitoring, measurement, and
verification of ocean carbon sequestration.
Link to Abstract
Link to Slides
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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 11:45:00 MDT (882 reads)
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| Frequent Measurements of Atmospheric CO2 and other Trace Gas Species using Comme | |
By Toshinobu Michida
A
new research project has started in 2003 to develop Continuous CO2
Measurement Equipment (CME) and
Automatic Air Sampling Equipment (ASE)
for commercial airlines. CMEs are planning to be installed on five aircrafts
and fly to South East Asia, East Asia, Europe, North America, Pacific and Australia.
Routine air sampling by ASE will
be done twice a month between Japan
and Australia.
After issuing the certification, first observation flight by Boeing 747-400
will be conducted in October, 2005. Preliminary observation by small research
aircraft indicates that CME
produces reasonable results.
Link to Abstract
Link to Slides
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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 11:30:00 MDT (893 reads)
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| Long-Term Observations of CO2 Concentrations and its Isotope Ratio over the West | |
By Hitoshi Mukai
Air was collected systematically
from 1995 to 2005 over the Pacific from 30S to 55N in latitude by
ships-of-opportunity to monitor global trend of CO2 concentration
and its variation in the atmosphere. The
monitoring results showed that three El Niño events during 10 years mostly
affected regional and temporal variation of CO2 growth rate and its
budget. Variation of carbon isotope ratio showed that the CO2 flux
from terrestrial biosphere seemed to rapidly increase at that time, correlated
with global temperature anomaly. Oxygen isotope ratio had increasing trend in
this period, similar to the variation of temperature. Atmospheric 14CO2
variation also seemed to be influenced by El Niño event.
Link to Abstract
Link to Slides
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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 11:00:00 MDT (890 reads)
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| Increasing the Temporal and Spatial Resolution of Fossil-Fuel Carbon Emissions E | |
by T.J. Blasing
Numerical models of the carbon cycle are
becoming increasingly sophisticated. One result of this is that these models
now require fossil-fuel carbon-dioxide emissions data with sub-annual (e.g.,
seasonal) time resolution. They also
require finer spatial resolution than national averages (i.e., than one point
per nation). Finer spatial resolution is
especially needed for countries as large in area as the United States of
America (U.S.A.). Here we present a summary of monthly data for the entire
nation, and annual data for each state in the U.S.A.
Link to Abstract
Link to Slides
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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 10:45:00 MDT (896 reads)
(Read More... | 1 comment)
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| EVALUATION OF CO AND SF6 AS QUANTITATIVE TRACERS FOR FOSSIL FUEL CO2: THE MODELL | |
by Ingeborg Levin
Simulations
with a regional transport model are evaluated in order to determine to which
extend the indirect fossil fuel combustion tracer CO or the purely
anthropogenic tracer SF6 can be used to retrieve the contribution of
fossil fuel emissions in the atmospheric CO2 signal.
Link to Abstract
Link to Slides
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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 10:30:00 MDT (892 reads)
(Read More... | 1 comment)
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| An Empirical Estimate of the Southern Ocean Air-Sea CO2 Flux | |
by Ben McNeil
A discrepancy exists between current estimates of the
Southern Ocean air-sea flux of CO2.
The most recent estimate using a combination of direct and
climatologically-derived pCO2 measurements [Takahashi et al.,
2002] (herein referred to as T02) suggests a
Southern Ocean CO2 sink that is nearly two times greater that that
suggested from general circulation models, atmospheric inverse models [Gurney et al.,
2002] and oceanic inverse models [Gloor et al.,
2003]. Here we employ an independent method
to estimate the Southern ocean air-sea flux of CO2. Our method exploits all available surface
measurements for Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (ALK) from 1986 to 1996. We show that surface
age-normalized DIC can be predicted to within ~8mmol/kg and ~10mmol/kg for ALK
using standard hydrographic properties, independent of season. The predictive equations are used in
conjunction with World Ocean Atlas (2001) climatologies to estimate an annual
cycle of DIC and ALK, while the
pCO2 distribution is calculated using standard carbonate
chemistry. For consistency we use the
same gas transfer relationship and wind product from Takahashi et
al, [2002] however, we include the effects of sea-ice. We estimate a
Southern Ocean CO2 sink (>40°S) of -0.19±0.26 Pg C for 1995. Our estimates are
smaller than those estimated by Takahashi et al,
[2002], but consistent with atmospheric / oceanic inverse methods, general
circulation models and provides further evidence that the Southern Ocean CO2
sink in relation to its oceanic surface area, is moderate on a global scale.
Links to Abstracts
Link to Slides
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Posted by admin on Tuesday, September 27 @ 09:28:28 MDT (1185 reads)
(Read More... | 5 comments)
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