THE CARBON MANAGEMENT DOMAIN IN RUSSIA: APPLICATION OF A COUNTRY-SCALE BIOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE ...
Description:
Carbon management (CM) domain in Russia is defined by carbon (C)
sequestration potentials in vegetation and soil and options for C flux
manipulations in line with regional indicators of the carbon cycle (CC).
Author's Names: V. Stolbovoy, S. Nilsson, I. McCallum
Filesize: 16.37 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 33
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INFORMATION NEEDS FOR ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE CARBON CYCLE: FROM REGIONAL CARBON BUDGETS TO A HO
Description:
During
the past two centuries, human activities have undertaken a vast earth system
modification of the carbon (C) cycle. Early during this period, humans have
converted native vegetation to croplands. Such land use changes have mobilized
massive amounts of C. During the past century, increased use of fossil energy
sources, primarily coal and oil, have resulted in the rapid expansion of
industry and technology throughout the world.
The resulting impact has been to greatly increase the atmospheric
concentration of C dioxide (CO2) to where in 2004 it is estimated to
375ppm, nearly 100 pm greater than the pre-industrial levels. Fossil fuel
emissions and land use change have moved the global C cycle out of balance.
Author's Names: P. Tschakert, M. Raupach, and D.S. Ojima
Filesize: 200.08 Kb
Added on: 05-Aug-2005 Downloads: 130
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STABILIZING ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS: CAN GEOLOGIC STORAGE HELP?
Description:
One option for reducing emissions of CO2 to the
atmosphere as a result of combustion of fossil fuels is to capture CO2
and inject it into porous subsurface geologic formations. High pressure CO2 has been used
for the last three decades as an agent for enhanced oil recovery, and hence
considerable experience in the technical issues associated with predicting the
movement of CO2 in the subsurface has been accumulated. Significant additional quantities of CO2
could be stored in depleted oil and gas reservoirs if CO2 were
available at low cost. These formations
are appealing as storage sites because the subsurface is known to have a trap
and seal that contains the buoyant oil or gas.
Author's Names: Franklin M. Orr, Jr
Filesize: 15.24 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 133
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ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT IN MITIGATING GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS
Description: Analyses of
Northern Hemisphere carbon fluxes indicate that a number of ecosystem processes
jointly contribute to source and sink exchanges of CO2 which affect
the net carbon sequestered from the atmosphere. These processes (e.g., CO2,
N2O, CH4, and H2O dynamics) exhibit high
variability in time and space with the largest variability corresponding to
human land management events. Therefore, the spatial and temporal incorporation
of land management information is needed to properly represent net carbon and
other GHG fluxes.
Author's Names: D.S. Ojima, S. Del Grosso, W.J. Parton, A. Mosier, et al
Filesize: 34.12 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 175
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ATTEMPTING A VERIFIED REGIONAL TERRESTRIAL BIOTA FULL CARBON ACCOUNT: EXPERIENCE FROM ...
Description: The
paper presents major results of the terrestrial biota full carbon account (FCA)
for a large region of Northern Eurasia based on a semi-empirical
ecosystem-landscape approach and taking into account major requirements to a verified
FCA. The average net ecosystem production (NEP) and net biome production (NBP)
for the entire region are estimated for 2003 at 59 and 33 g C m-2,
respectively. It is shown that uncertainties of the regional FCA can be
reliably estimated and decreased to an acceptable level if the information base
and methodology used are based on a consistent systems approach.
Author's Names: S. Nilsson, A. Shvidenko, I. McCallum, et al
Filesize: 92.23 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 77
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MODEL SIMULATIONS OF DIRECT CARBON INJECTION IN THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC
Description: An
ocean general circulation model (OGCM) is used to simulate the direct injection
of CO2 near Tokyo.
Our results confirm that direct injection can sequester large amounts of CO2
from the atmosphere when disposal is made at sufficient depth but show that the
calculated efficiency is sensitive to the choice of physical model. Moreover, we
show, in an OGCM and under a reasonable set of economic assumptions, that
sequestration effectiveness is quite high for even shallow injections. However,
the severe acidification that accompanies injection and the impossibility of effectively
monitoring injected plumes argue against the large-scale viability of this
technology. Our coarse-grid models show that injection at the rate of 0.1
Pg-C/yr lowers pH near the site of injection by as much as 0.7-1.0 pH-unit. We also
show that, after several hundred years, one would effectively need to survey
the entire ocean in order to accurately verify the inventory of injected
carbon. These results suggest that while retention may be sufficient to justify
disposal costs, other practical problems will limit or at best delay widespread
deployment of this technology.
Author's Names: Katsumi Matsumoto, and Bryan K. Mignone
Filesize: 40.45 Kb
Added on: 02-Aug-2005 Downloads: 33
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MINERAL CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION: STILL A VIABLE OPTION
Description:
This
paper provides background and summarizes evidence supporting the possibility of
developing a low-cost mineral carbon dioxide sequestration technology.
Author's Names: S.C. Krevor, K.S. Lackner
Filesize: 19.09 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 295
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SIMULATING CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN COUPLED CLIMATE-CARBON MODELS
Description: Prognostic simulation of
carbon sequestration and carbon management must provide for the influence of
potential changes in future atmospheric CO2 concentrations and
climate on carbon cycle processes. The
conventional approach is to use various scenarios of changes in atmospheric CO2
and climate as external inputs to carbon cycle models. However, this approach decouples potentially
important feedbacks between the carbon cycle and climate, and thus contributes
uncertainty to the simulation of future carbon sequestration and the evaluation
of carbon management options. Here we
describe modeling results that analyze components of this uncertainty. We describe how coupling a carbon management model
with a climate model in fully coupled climate-carbon simulations influences the
analysis and interpretation of terrestrial ecosystem sequestration
as an option for future carbon management.
Author's Names: A.W. King and W.M. Post III
Filesize: 37.97 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 30
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THE IMPACT OF OCEAN NOURISHMENT ON THE OCEAN CARBON CYCLE
Description:
The upwelling of nutrients from the deep ocean sets
the flow rate of carbon moved by the biological pump by bringing nutrients to
the photic zone. Here solar energy converts inorganic carbon to organic
material that cannot communicate with the atmosphere. As a consequence of
gravitational sinking, the majority of the carbon in the biological cycle is in
the deep ocean isolated from the atmosphere and can be considered part of a
closed cycle. Increasing the carbon flow of the biological pump, that is
increasing the pumps capacity from its present value of 4.5GtC/yr, will have
the effect of drawing carbon from atmosphere and the land to augment the cycle.
Author's Names: I.S.F. Jones
Filesize: 11.74 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 28
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IMPACT OF CLIMATE-CARBON CYCLE FEEDBACKS ON EMISSIONS SCENARIOS TO ACHIEVE STABILISATION
Description: At present, approximately half of anthropogenic CO2
emissions are absorbed by the land and oceans [Jones and Cox, 2005], but climate changes may act to reduce this
uptake, leading to higher CO2 levels for a given emission scenario [Cox et al., 2000, Friedlingstein et al., 2005, in prep.]. Less attention has been
paid to the potential impact of carbon cycle feedbacks on the emissions
reductions required to achieve stabilisation (the so called “permissible
emissions”), although this is arguably more pertinent to the issue of avoiding
dangerous climate change in the context of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate change.
Author's Names: Chris Jones, Peter Cox, Chris Huntingford
Filesize: 103.88 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 211
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