MINERAL CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION: STILL A VIABLE OPTION
Description:
This
paper provides background and summarizes evidence supporting the possibility of
developing a low-cost mineral carbon dioxide sequestration technology.
Author's Names: S.C. Krevor, K.S. Lackner
Filesize: 19.09 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 295
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IMPACT OF CLIMATE-CARBON CYCLE FEEDBACKS ON EMISSIONS SCENARIOS TO ACHIEVE STABILISATION
Description: At present, approximately half of anthropogenic CO2
emissions are absorbed by the land and oceans [Jones and Cox, 2005], but climate changes may act to reduce this
uptake, leading to higher CO2 levels for a given emission scenario [Cox et al., 2000, Friedlingstein et al., 2005, in prep.]. Less attention has been
paid to the potential impact of carbon cycle feedbacks on the emissions
reductions required to achieve stabilisation (the so called “permissible
emissions”), although this is arguably more pertinent to the issue of avoiding
dangerous climate change in the context of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate change.
Author's Names: Chris Jones, Peter Cox, Chris Huntingford
Filesize: 103.88 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 211
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ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT IN MITIGATING GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS
Description: Analyses of
Northern Hemisphere carbon fluxes indicate that a number of ecosystem processes
jointly contribute to source and sink exchanges of CO2 which affect
the net carbon sequestered from the atmosphere. These processes (e.g., CO2,
N2O, CH4, and H2O dynamics) exhibit high
variability in time and space with the largest variability corresponding to
human land management events. Therefore, the spatial and temporal incorporation
of land management information is needed to properly represent net carbon and
other GHG fluxes.
Author's Names: D.S. Ojima, S. Del Grosso, W.J. Parton, A. Mosier, et al
Filesize: 34.12 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 175
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EFFECTS OF VERTICAL DIC DISTRIBUTION ON STORAGE EFFICIENCY OF DIRECT INJECTION OF CO2 INTO THE OCEAN
Description:
We estimated the effects of initial
vertical distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on storage efficiency
of direct injection of CO2 into the ocean. Our simulations shown
that the storage efficiencies could be reduced up to 10% if a relative large
droplet (30 mm in diameter) was injected at depth of 1500m. The storage
efficiency of CO2 ocean sequestration is strongly related with not
only injection depth but also the initial CO2 droplet diameter. With
a given injection rate, the larger droplets injected will produce a dilute DIC
plume and thus improve the acute biological impacts but a smaller storage
effective due to droplet ascending.
Author's Names: Baixin Chen, Masahiro Nishio, and Makoto Akai
Filesize: 204.22 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 156
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METRICS TO ASSESS THE MITIGATION OF GLOBAL WARMING BY CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE
Description:
Different metrics to assess
mitigation of global warming by carbon capture and storage are discussed. The
climatic impact of capturing 30% of the anthropogenic carbon emission and its
storage in the ocean or in a geological reservoir are evaluated for different
stabilization scenarios using a reduced-form carbon cycle-climate model. The
accumulated Global Warming Avoided (GWA) remains, after a ramp-up during the
first ~50 years, in the range of 15 to 30% over the next millennium for deep
ocean injection and for geological storage with annual leakage rates of up to
about 0.001. For longer time scales, the GWA may approach zero or become negative
for storage in a reservoir with even small leakage rates, accounting for the CO2
associated with the energy penalty for carbon capture. For an annual leakage
rate of 0.01, surface air temperature becomes higher than in the absence of
storage after three centuries only.
Author's Names: Peter M. Haugan and Fortunat Joos
Filesize: 113.31 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 134
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STABILIZING ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS: CAN GEOLOGIC STORAGE HELP?
Description:
One option for reducing emissions of CO2 to the
atmosphere as a result of combustion of fossil fuels is to capture CO2
and inject it into porous subsurface geologic formations. High pressure CO2 has been used
for the last three decades as an agent for enhanced oil recovery, and hence
considerable experience in the technical issues associated with predicting the
movement of CO2 in the subsurface has been accumulated. Significant additional quantities of CO2
could be stored in depleted oil and gas reservoirs if CO2 were
available at low cost. These formations
are appealing as storage sites because the subsurface is known to have a trap
and seal that contains the buoyant oil or gas.
Author's Names: Franklin M. Orr, Jr
Filesize: 15.24 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 133
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INFORMATION NEEDS FOR ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE CARBON CYCLE: FROM REGIONAL CARBON BUDGETS TO A HO
Description:
During
the past two centuries, human activities have undertaken a vast earth system
modification of the carbon (C) cycle. Early during this period, humans have
converted native vegetation to croplands. Such land use changes have mobilized
massive amounts of C. During the past century, increased use of fossil energy
sources, primarily coal and oil, have resulted in the rapid expansion of
industry and technology throughout the world.
The resulting impact has been to greatly increase the atmospheric
concentration of C dioxide (CO2) to where in 2004 it is estimated to
375ppm, nearly 100 pm greater than the pre-industrial levels. Fossil fuel
emissions and land use change have moved the global C cycle out of balance.
Author's Names: P. Tschakert, M. Raupach, and D.S. Ojima
Filesize: 200.08 Kb
Added on: 05-Aug-2005 Downloads: 130
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ATTEMPTING A VERIFIED REGIONAL TERRESTRIAL BIOTA FULL CARBON ACCOUNT: EXPERIENCE FROM ...
Description: The
paper presents major results of the terrestrial biota full carbon account (FCA)
for a large region of Northern Eurasia based on a semi-empirical
ecosystem-landscape approach and taking into account major requirements to a verified
FCA. The average net ecosystem production (NEP) and net biome production (NBP)
for the entire region are estimated for 2003 at 59 and 33 g C m-2,
respectively. It is shown that uncertainties of the regional FCA can be
reliably estimated and decreased to an acceptable level if the information base
and methodology used are based on a consistent systems approach.
Author's Names: S. Nilsson, A. Shvidenko, I. McCallum, et al
Filesize: 92.23 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 77
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“USABLE” CARBON CYCLE SCIENCE: EXPLORING THE NEXUS OF CARBON CYCLE SCIENCE AND CARBON ...
Description:
To
date there has been little systematic research on how carbon cycle scientific
information will be used to support decisions at various scales. There is therefore a strong need to begin to
understand how carbon cycle science is currently being used, who potential
users might be, and how to effectively engage stakeholders and scientists on
the issue. Many assumptions are being
made about the scales and information that will be of most use to
decision-makers. Decisions and
information flow do not necessarily translate between scales, and thus matching
the scales between provision of scientific information and scale of
decision-making is critical to effectively making information useful. This paper will examine the ways in which
carbon is being or may be managed by users at various scales, characterize
decision making processes of those users, and discuss implications for carbon
management and science policy.
Author's Names: Lisa Dilling
Filesize: 25.79 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 49
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LIMITS OF IRON FERTILIZATION
Description:
Iron
fertilization has been proposed as a cheap, controllable, and environmentally
benign method for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. While this is in
fact the case in simple, 3-box models of the carbon cycle, more realistic
models show that these claims fall short of reality. The fact that the
efficiency of iron fertilization depends on the long term fate of the added
iron and on the carbon associated with it makes tracking the effects of iron
fertilization much more difficult and expensive than has been asserted.
Additionally, advection of low nutrient water away from iron-rich areas can
result in lowering production remotely, with potentially serious consequences.
Author's Names: Anand Gnanadesikan, John P. Dunne and Irina Marinov
Filesize: 17.55 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 49
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