INCREASE OF NORDIC SEAS ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 INVENTORY OVER THE LAST TWO DECADES AS OBSERVED FROM ...
Description:
This
paper presents estimates of the 13C Suess effect and anthropogenic
carbon concentration increase in the Nordic
Seas since 1981.
Author's Names: A. Olsen, A.M. Omar, R.G.J. Bellerby, et al
Filesize: 37.34 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 22
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ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN AND CO2 FLASK CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS FROM GROUND AND AIRCRAFT SITES IN EUROPE
Description:
Measurements of concurrent changes in both the
atmospheric O2 and CO2 mixing ratios have been proven to
be useful independent information for the partitioning of anthropogenic CO2
into its different sinks [e.g. Keeling et al.,
1996]. This information is used along with the “classical” partitioning models
that make use of CO2 concentration and (radioactive as well as
stable) isotopic composition information [e.g. Keeling et
al., 1995]. Global carbon budget reconstruction needs long time
series observations of global means. Downscaling to a more regional assessment
introduces a closer relation to possible annual and regional variations in
prescribed oxidative ratios of biospheric and combustion processes. With the
goal of improving the knowledge on the temporal and local variability of the O2/
CO2 signal, we present the results of the analysis on an extended
data set from the remote station of Lutjewad (The Netherlands) and compare them
with the findings of different other sampling stations in Europe, starting from
2001 till present.
Author's Names: C. Sirignano, R.E.M. Neubert, A. Varlagin, L. Haszpra, et al
Filesize: 51.91 Kb
Added on: 04-Aug-2005 Downloads: 22
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ATMOSPHERIC O2-N2, CO2 AND δ13C MEASUREMENTS FROM FLASK SAMPLING AT THREE DIFFERENT SITES IN ...
Description:
First atmospheric δO2/N2, CO2
and δ13C flask measurements from vertical aircraft sampling in the
lower troposphere above Griffin Forest (GRI), Perthshire, UK, (56°37’N, 3°47’W)
and from ground based flask sampling at the high altitude site Jungfraujoch
(JFJ), Switzerland (3580m above sea level (a.s.l.), 46°33’N, 7°59’E), and the
mountain site Puy de Dôme (PUY), France (1480m a.s.l., 45°46’N, 2°58’E) are
presented.
Author's Names: P. Sturm, M. Leuenberger, J. Moncrieff, et al
Filesize: 144.70 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 22
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PRELIMINARY CONSTRAINTS ON FOSSIL-FUEL CO2: COMPARISON OF TRACERS 14CO2, CO AND SF6
Description: We use the
theoretically ideal tracer 14CO2 to estimate the fossil
fuel CO2 enhancement in boundary layer air at two sites in New
England and Colorado.
Improved D14C measurement
precision of 1.6-2.6‰ provides fossil fuel CO2detection capability
of 0.8-1.5 ppm. Using the tracers CO and SF6, we obtain two
additional independent estimates of the fossil fuel CO2 component,
and we assess the biases in these methods by comparison with the 14CO2-based
estimates. Large differences are observed between the SF6-based
estimates and those from the 14CO2 and CO methods. The
CO-based estimates show seasonally coherent biases, underestimating fossil fuel
CO2 in winter and overestimating in summer.
Author's Names: J.C. Turnbull, J.B. Miller, S.J. Lehman, R.J. Sparks, et al
Filesize: 92.02 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 22
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BUDGETING SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: DIVERSITY OF ECOSYSTEMS COUNTS
Description: Air-water CO2 fluxes were up-scaled to take
into account the latitudinal and ecosystem diversity of the coastal ocean,
based on an exhaustive literature survey. Marginal seas at high and temperate
latitudes act as sinks of CO2 from the atmosphere, in contrast to
subtropical and tropical marginal seas that act as sources of CO2 to
the atmosphere. Overall, marginal seas act as a strong sink of CO2
of about -0.45 Pg C yr-1. This sink could be almost fully
compensated by the emission of CO2 from the ensemble of near-shore
coastal ecosystems of about 0.40 Pg C yr-1.
Author's Names: A.V. Borges, and B. Delille
Filesize: 226.45 Kb
Added on: 26-Jul-2005 Downloads: 21
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USING CONTINENTAL, CONTINUOUS CO2 OBSERVATIONS IN A TIME-DEPENDENT GLOBAL INVERSION ...
Description: Spatial
and temporal characteristics of land and ocean sources and sinks of carbon
remain elusive. Better understanding of the anthropogenic influences on these
carbon cycle dynamics is a common goal. This experiment is one of the efforts
to reach a middle ground of flux estimates for regions larger than experimental
plots and flux tower footprints, but smaller than continents and ocean basins.
This work tests the hypothesis that including well-calibrated continuous North
American continental CO2 measurements in the observation data used
in a global inversion will provide a constraint that improves inversion
estimates of the source and sink regions within North America. These continuous
data are collected at tall towers and flux towers. The experiment follows the
TransCom 3 synthesis inversion framework, using the NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center Parameterized Chemistry and
Transport Model (PCTM) with Goddard Earth Observing System, version 4 (GEOS-4)
meteorological data. Seasonal fluxes are estimated for a recent year for
sub-regions within North America and at continent and basin scale globally.
Methods of preparing the continental continuous CO2 measurements for
the inversion will be tested. Initial inversion results will be presented along
with recommendations for applicability to other global regions and use of the
method to evaluate additional sites for the measurement network.
Author's Names: M.P. Butler, A.S. Denning, K.R. Gurney, S.R. Kawa, et al
Filesize: 48.98 Kb
Added on: 27-Jul-2005 Downloads: 21
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USING A HIGH RESOLUTION COUPLED ECOSYSTEM-ATMOSPHERE MODEL TO EVALUATE SPATIAL, TEMPORAL, AND ...
Description:
Satellite
measurements of total column CO2 can be used in inverse models to
help isolate sources and sinks; however, using satellite concentrations in
inversions may introduce spatial, temporal, and clear-sky errors. Using a
coupled ecosystem-atmosphere model, we found that using satellite measurements
to represent temporal averages will introduce large errors into the inversion
and that inverse models must sample the concentrations at the same time as they
are measured. Spatial and local
clear-sky errors are much smaller than the instrumental errors, although they
increase with domain heterogeneity. Inverse models can minimize sampling errors
by using homogenous regions and sampling the CO2 concentrations at
the same time as the satellite.
Author's Names: K.D. Corbin, A.S. Denning, L. Lu, I. Baker, A. Wang
Filesize: 23.17 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 21
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REMOTE SENSING OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 USING THE SCIAMACHY INSTRUMENT
Description:
The remote sensing of CO2 from satellites
is an exciting new and rapidly developing field in carbon cycle research. Satellite
sensors have the potential to provide a wealth of information on atmospheric CO2,
covering many regions that are scarsely monitored the ground based
observational networks. Satellite measurements could significantly strengthen
the power of inverse modelling computations in tracing sources and sinks of CO2.
The main challenge, however, is to reach the measurement accuracy needed to
resolve the important CO2 concentration gradients. The current
generation of satellite instruments from which CO2 can be retrieved
is expected to meet the requirements only partly, as the instruments were not
originally designed to measure CO2. Nevertheless interesting results
come out as we will show for the Sciamachy instrument. A particularly difficult
aspect is the determination of the airmass factor, which is needed to translate
the observed optical thickness into a column averaged dry air mixing ratio. The
airmass factor is influenced by e.g. clouds, aerosols, air pressure, and
orography. So far the uncertainty assessments have mainly relied on theoretical
investigations and ground-based measurements. The measurements from Sciamachy
allow us to verify these studies, and some of the methods that have been
proposed to reduce or eliminate the errors. We will demonstrate this with the
main focus on aerosols. Error assessments using in-flight data will be
indispensable for improving future instruments.
Author's Names: S. Houweling, W. Hartmann, I.Aben, H. Schrijver, et al
Filesize: 13.17 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 21
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CARBON-14 CONSTRAINTS ON THE LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION OF AIR-SEA GAS EXCHANGE
Description:
The
air-sea gas exchange rate is important for modeling and verifying ocean CO2
uptake, but remains subject to considerable uncertainty. The widely assumed
quadratic or cubic dependence of the exchange rate on windspeed together with
the latitudinal pattern of mean windspeed implies that exchange is much faster
at high compared with low latitudes. This should affect the pattern of ocean
uptake of bomb carbon-14 as well as the rate of decline of and latitudinal
gradients in atmospheric Δ14CO2. We evaluate the
constraints on the windspeed dependence of the exchange rate offered by
available isotopic measurements, discuss the major uncertainties, and suggest
observational strategies to reduce these uncertainties.
Author's Names: N. Y. Krakauer, J. T. Randerson, F. W. Primeau
Filesize: 85.91 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 21
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FINE-SCALE INTEGRAL MONITORING OF THE CARBON CYCLE: LOW COST, HIGH RESOLUTION MONITORING OF CO2 ...
Description:
We
report on the set-up of and first experiences with a medium-precision CO2
concentration monitoring network in Europe,
linked to existing flux towers. The system is to be embedded in an integral GHG
monitoring system to be developed for the Netherlands and into the CABOEUROPE
effort to quantify the European carbon balance. The proof of concept has not
been fully satisfactory as yet, but work continues.
Author's Names: Bart Kruijt, Jan Elbers, Ronald Hutjes, Eddy Moors, et al
Filesize: 36.52 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 21
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