ESTIMATES OF ATMOSPHERIC POTENTIAL OXYGEN FLUXES BASED ON O2 N2 AND CO2 CONCENTRATION ...
Description: The global biogeochemical cycle of oxygen
is closely linked to that of carbon dioxide, because key biological processes,
as well as fossil fuel burning, occur with specific stochiometric ratios. In
the ocean, however, several processes – carbonate chemistry (buffer effect),
physical transport (dilution), and warming/cooling (solubility changes) –
decouple O2 and CO2 exchanges. Based on a decade of
atmospheric O2/N2 and CO2 data, we estimated
spatial and temporal patterns of oceanic APO fluxes, using an inversion of
atmospheric transport. Seasonal and interannual variations are interpreted in
the light of climate variables.
Author's Names: C. Rodenbeck, C. Le Quere, R.F. Keeling, et al
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ESTIMATING THE WORLD OCEAN AIR-SEA GAS EXCHANGE RATE USING BOMB 14C: REVISITED
Description: Wind-speed dependent bulk formulations of gas transfer
velocity have traditionally been scaled to the oceanic inventory of bomb 14C [1992, Wanninkhof and McGillis 1999) and average global wind speeds [Esbensen
and Kushnir 1981] . The recent advances in our ability to
estimate both the first two moments of global wind-speeds and the inventories
of bomb 14C
inventories call for a reanalysis of this anchor point as well as an
exploration of its implications on oceanic carbon uptake. We present a
reanalysis of the globally averaged air-sea transfer velocity of CO2
using an inverse calculation of bomb 14CO2 air-sea fluxes
from point measurements of 14C in the ocean interior and several
oceanic transport GCMs.
Author's Names: C. Sweeney, E. M. Gloor, A. R. Jacobson, R. M. Key, et al
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Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 26
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ESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 FROM AIRS INFRARED SATELLITE RADIANCES IN THE ECMWF DATA ASSIMILATION
Description:
Atmospheric
CO2 concentrations have been obtained from the Atmospheric Infrared
Sounder (AIRS) radiance data within the European Centre for Medium-Range
Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data assimilation system. In a first explorative
configuration, a subset of channels from the AIRS instrument has been
assimilated providing estimates of tropospheric column-averaged CO2
mixing ratios representative of a layer between the tropopause and about 700
hPa at observation locations only. Results show considerable geographical and
temporal variability with values ranging between 370 and 382 ppmv. The 5-day
mean estimated random error is about 1%, which is confirmed by comparisons with
flask observations on board flights of Japanese airliners in the west-Pacific
region. This study demonstrates the feasibility of global CO2
estimation using high spectral resolution infrared satellite data in a
numerical weather prediction data assimilation system. Currently, the system is
being improved to treat CO2 as a full three-dimensional atmospheric
variable included in the forecast model. This allows more flexibility in the
constraints on the CO2 estimation as well as the possibility of
assimilating other data sources (e.g., near-infrared satellite data and
flasks). The CO2 fields provided by the data assimilation system
have great potential to assist the surface flask network in constraining
current top-down carbon flux estimates.
Author's Names: Richard J. Engelen
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Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 164
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ESTIMATION OF REGIONAL SOURCES AND SINKS OF CO2 USING MIXING RATIO DATA FROM THE RING OF TOWERS ...
Description:
The WLEF TV tower in northern Wisconsin is instrumented to take continuous
measurements of CO2 mixing ratio at 6 levels from 11 to 396m. During
the spring and summer of 2004 additional CO2 measurements were
deployed on five 76 m communication towers forming a ring around the WLEF tower
with a 100-150 km radius.
Author's Names: M. Uliasz, A. S. Denning, A. Schuh, K. J. Davis, et al
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EVALUATION OF CO AND SF6 AS QUANTITATIVE TRACERS FOR FOSSIL FUEL CO2: THE MODELLERS VIEW
Description: Simulations
with a regional transport model are evaluated in order to determine to which
extend the indirect fossil fuel combustion tracer CO or the purely
anthropogenic tracer SF6 can be used to retrieve the contribution of
fossil fuel emissions in the atmospheric CO2 signal.
Author's Names: U. Karstens, U. Gamnitzer, and I. Levin
Filesize: 85.14 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 136
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EVALUATION OF CO AND SF6 AS QUANTITATIVE TRACERS FOR FOSSIL FUEL CO2: THE EXPERIMENTALISTS VIEW
Description: Three years of
quasi-continuous atmospheric 14CO2 observations in Heidelberg (Germany) have been used together
with continuous CO measurements to determine the CO/fossil fuel CO2
ratio in a regional polluted area. Comparison with bottom-up information on
fossil fuel CO2 and CO emissions for the respective catchment area shows
that large discrepancies (up to 60%) between inventory data and observations
exist. Therefore both, a lot of care and reliable emissions inventory data are
necessary if CO shall be used as a quantitative surrogate for fossil fuel CO2.
Author's Names: I. Levin, U. Gamnitzer, U. Karstens, et al
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Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 15
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EXPLORING POTENTIAL ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGES IN THE DOLE-MORITA EFFECT
Description:
The
Dole-Morita effect (DME) describes the d18O
enrichment of atmospheric O2 with respect to ocean water [Dole 1935, Morita 1935]. The magnitude of the DME (23.8 ± 0.1‰ at
present, Horibe et al. [1973])
varies over geologic time scales, and might have changed as a result of human
activity. Such variations are preserved in the air enclosed in polar firn and
ice. Here, we explore the potential effects of human activity on the DME. We
estimate that global changes in the land biosphere may have led to a decrease
in the DME in the order of 0.07‰ over the last 150 years. We then predict profiles
of d18O-O2
in firn air resulting from a range of atmospheric scenarios using a model
[Severinghaus and Battle, submitted]
and compare the simulated profiles to measurements of air samples extracted
from polar firn.
Author's Names: U. Seibt, JA Berry, M Battle, JP Severinghaus
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Added on: 04-Aug-2005 Downloads: 19
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EXTENDING THE CO2 MONITORING NETWORK TO SPACE: THE NASA ORBITING CARBON OBSERVATORY MISSION
Description: Precise, global, space-based observations of
atmospheric CO2 would complement the measurements made by the
ground-based network and improve our understanding of CO2 sources
and sinks. NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) Mission is being developed to address this
need. OCO carries a high resolution grating spectrometer designed to measure
the near-infrared absorption by CO2 and molecular oxygen (O2)
in reflected sunlight. High resolution spectra taken in the CO2
bands near 1.61 and 2.06 mm provide constraints on the CO2 column
abundance, with the greatest information content near the surface.
Bore-sighted, high resolution spectra in the 0.76 mm O2 A-band
provide constraints on the surface pressure and atmospheric optical path
length.
Author's Names: D. Crisp and the OCO Science Team
Filesize: 167.11 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 25
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FINE-SCALE INTEGRAL MONITORING OF THE CARBON CYCLE: LOW COST, HIGH RESOLUTION MONITORING OF CO2 ...
Description:
We
report on the set-up of and first experiences with a medium-precision CO2
concentration monitoring network in Europe,
linked to existing flux towers. The system is to be embedded in an integral GHG
monitoring system to be developed for the Netherlands and into the CABOEUROPE
effort to quantify the European carbon balance. The proof of concept has not
been fully satisfactory as yet, but work continues.
Author's Names: Bart Kruijt, Jan Elbers, Ronald Hutjes, Eddy Moors, et al
Filesize: 36.52 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 21
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FIRST RESULTS FROM A 300 M TOWER ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT STATION FOR GREENHOUSE ...
Description:
CHIOTTO – Continuous
HIgh-precisiOn Tall Tower Observations of greenhouse gases – is a European
Union-funded project which has as objective to build an
infrastructure for the continuous monitoring of greenhouse
gas concentrations across Europe above the surface layer using
tall towers (~300m height). For this purpose
a
new analysis system
for continuous atmospheric measurements was
built and tested at Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena,
Germany and was recently installed
at a 300 m tower
close to Bialystok, Poland (Lat 53°14'N, Long 23°01'E, Alt 180m),
as part of the “CHIOTTO”
tall tower network.
Since July
2005 this
system is measuring
quasi-continuously the atmospheric concentration of CO2,
CH4,
CO, N2O,
SF6
and the O2/N2
ratio as well as meteorological
parameters (atmospheric pressure,
temperature, humidity; wind speed and direction) from 5
heights on the tower ranging from 5 to 300 m.
The measurement devices
are: an
Oxzilla O2 fuel cell analyzer, a
LiCor 7000
NDIR CO2 analyzer, an
Agilent
gas chromatograph (GC) with flame ionization
detector (FID) and electronic
capture detector (ECD) for CH4, CO, N2O, SF6. The
challenge was to build a reliable automatic system which can run continuously
with very little maintenance and to fulfill at the
same time the high precision requirements for all the measured species prescribed
by the CHIOTTO project goals. The high
temporal resolution achieved will
capture
short
term events and diurnal variability. In addition, the
system is planned to run for at
least several years in order to observe long-term trends
as well.
We describe
the technical setup of the measurement system, the region of
influence of the station and present the first months of
data if available: correlations between species,
observed short term variability patterns and their relation to meteorology and
air parcel paths.
Author's Names: E.Popa, A.C.Manning, M.Gloor, U.Schultz, et al
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