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Category: Main/Abstracts/Land Use and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle


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  CARBON DIOXIDE EFFLUX FROM THE FOREST FLOOR IN A DECIDUOUS FOREST IN JAPAN -- AN IMPROVED ... 
Description:

Some infrared CO2 sensors, such as GMD20 and GMT222 (VAISALA), are widely used for soil CO2 efflux measurements despite the fact they have a slow response rate. The output signal is delayed both from diffusion processes in the sample cell and internal averaging calculations necessary for stable data output. For accurate estimations of CO2 efflux, we therefore need to know the actual increase in CO2 concentration in a chamber without composite delays. To parameterize these delays, we conducted laboratory experiments to determine the response characteristics of sensors under diffusion and flow-through conditions. Next, we developed a backward calculation method for estimation of the actual CO2 concentration increase using the delayed sensor output (BCDC: Backward calculation for delay compensation). The results showed that the slow response of sensors caused large estimation errors in CO2 efflux measurements. In the case of GMT222, a 10% underestimation was suggested when the soil CO2 efflux was calculated with non-corrected data using a nonlinear regression method with sampling intervals of 300 seconds. Thus, correction of the sensor response with a backward estimation might be effective. We also calculated and evaluated the CO2 efflux from a forest floor in a deciduous forest employing the BCDC method.


Author's Names: Y. Mizoguchi, Y. Ohtani, T. Watanabe, and Y. Yasuda
Filesize: 72.28 Kb
Added on: 02-Aug-2005 Downloads: 24
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  CARBON FLUXES AND LAI EVOLUTION IN THE ECMWF LAND SURFACE SCHEME 
Description:

The Ags parameterization of canopy conductance from ISBA-Ags is implemented in TESSEL, the ECMWF land surface scheme. We present first results of the investigation of the model behavior in view of an operational use in a data assimilation system. It is shown that the performance of the Ags module is sensitive to the land surface model in which it is embedded.


Author's Names: M.H. Voogt, L. Jarlan and B.J.J.M. van den Hurk
Filesize: 100.53 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 29
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  CARBON FLUXES RESULTING FROM LAND-USE CHANGES IN THE STATE OF MORELOS, MEXICO 
Description:

This report presents information on land use changes and carbon stocks and fluxes resulting from land use-change in the subtropical dry forest of the State of Morelos, Mexico. Biomass components of standing vegetation were estimated from 40 quadrats (400 m2 each) distributed across this ecosystem. Regional land use changes using forest cover for two different periods (1976 and 1993) and present forest cover, as well as measurements of soil organic matter and soil organic carbon were used to predict carbon stocks and fluxes in this ecosystem. The results showed for the period of 1976-1993 that the annual deforestation rate is 0.87% indicating that approximately 20,000 ha of subtropical dry forest were lost during this period and that 57% of the original ecosystem has been lost since 1950. On the other side, intensive agriculture, including induced grasslands increased (22 000 ha) 15% of the total studied area largely at the expense of the tropical dry forest. Land use changes from the subtropical dry forest to agriculture contributed to carbon emissions of 6.49 Tg, of which standing biomass averaged 2.79 (± 0.28) Tg, root biomass averaged 1.75 (± 0.18) Tg, and soil organic carbon averaged 1.95 ( ± 0.2) Tg. Projected land-use changes will likely contribute to an additional carbon flux of 2.88 (± 0.14) Tg by the year 2050. Practices to conserve, sequester, and transfer carbon stocks in this ecosystem are discussed as a means to reduce carbon flux by deforestation practices.


Author's Names: J. Návar and A.L. Estrada
Filesize: 73.08 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 23
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  CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF DIFFERENT NATURAL FERTILITY UNDER NITROGEN USAGE 
Description:

The influence of nitrogen fertilizing on carbon accumulation and decomposition in arable soils of different fertility – gray forest soil and chernozem was investigated in greenhouse experiment with corn. Growing of plants without N application on rich chernozem favored the considerable (about 1% of Сorg) C growth, and on poor gray forest soil contributed to C decrease. Soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition in both soils under unfertilized plants was the same. N usage on gray forest soil resulted in increase of C accumulation due to the substantial increase of C input with roots of fertilized plants and as organic matter active phase of this soil was stable against decomposition under N. N application on chernozem in reverse significantly increased SOM decomposition and affected plant productivity to a lesser degree. Thus, N fertilizing favors C sink in arable soils of low fertility and can reduce soil C accumulation in arable soils of high fertility.


Author's Names: A.S. Tulina, T.V. Kuznetsova, and V.M. Semenov
Filesize: 89.25 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 19
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  CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SITES REFORESTED IN NORTHERN MEXICO 
Description:

Reforestation is an important mean to protect soils, to restore habitat for plants and animals, to regulate the hydrological cycle, to recharge aquifers, to produce oxygen and to sequester carbon dioxide. Global warming concerns are prompting reforestation practices and studies dealing with biomass production and carbon sequestration by exotic and native species. This research presents information on biomass and carbon sequestration projections in reforested sites of northern Mexico. A total of 124 sampling plots were sampled for dasometric features and biomass components in the Mexican states of Durango, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon of the Eastern and Western mountain ranges of northern Mexico. Results showed the potential carbon sequestration and biomass projections by component for each of three main regions separated by multivariate statistics and productivity curves. Mean annual carbon sequestration rates approach 3.90, 0.90, and 0.45 Mg ha-1 y-1 for reforested sites of the States of Durango, Nuevo Leon, and Coahuila, respectively. Native species of coniferous forests of Durango (P. durangensis, P. cooperii, and P. engelmannii) and Nuevo Leon (P. pseudostrobus) sequester carbon at higher rates than the introduced pine species of Durango (P. arizonica), Nuevo Leon (P. cembroides, P. pinceana, and P. nelsoni), and Coahuila (P. halepensis). Stands reforested are sequestered carbon at a higher rate than stands of native coniferous forests because of the largest plant density of the former sites, therefore they provide additional environmental benefits.


Author's Names: J. Návar1, and F.J. Rodriguez
Filesize: 46.81 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 27
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  CARBON STORAGE BY ASPEN-DOMINATED FORESTS OF THE UPPER GREAT LAKES REGION: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE 
Description:
Aspen-dominated forests occupy >4 million ha in the upper Great Lakes region of the United States and are an important reservoir for carbon (C). Although harvesting and agriculture over the past century depleted C stored in these forests, independent estimates suggest that forests in the upper Great Lakes now are C sinks [Lee et al., 1999; Barford et al., 2001; Birdsey et al, 2000]. However, C storage by forests within the region varies considerably due to site disturbance history, forest age, and interannual climate variability. 

Author's Names: C.M. Gough, C.S. Vogel, H.P. Schmid, H-B. Su, P.S. Curtis
Filesize: 41.24 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 19
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  CHANGING SOURCES OF SOIL RESPIRATION WITH TIME SINCE FIRE IN A BOREAL FOREST 
Description:

Stand-replacing crown fires in boreal spruce forests initiate a vegetation succession from forbs to deciduous trees to coniferous trees. Soils are warmest during the first decades and cool throughout the succession as shading by trees and cover with bryophytes and plant litter increase. It was postulated that the initially warmer soil temperatures enhance decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) by microorganisms, and that decomposition would release similar amounts of CO2 as combustion during fire [Auclair and Carter, 1993].


Author's Names: C.I. Czimczik, M.S. Carbone, G.C. Winston, and S.E. Trumbore
Filesize: 139.51 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 22
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  CO2 LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN AS AFFECTED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE ... 
Description:

Dynamics of organic matter in agricultural soils attract significant interest because of strong impact on global climate. Steppe ecosystems are considered as having high potential to preserve global carbon and are located mainly in arid and semiarid areas with annual precipitation smaller than 400 mm. Steppe ecosystems of the wheat belt in Kazakhstan have annual precipitation 250 to 350 mm. Here is our attempt to evaluate whether microbial quotients could be applied to evaluate the potential of soil to act as sink for CO2.


Author's Names: A. Mamilov, O. Dilly
Filesize: 13.42 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 21
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  COMPARING THE IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT DISTURBANCES OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN FORESTS ON CARBON CYCLING 
Description:

Two major disturbances of forests in western North America are fires and insect outbreaks.  Much research has focused on the effects of fires on the carbon cycle; little research to date has occurred about outbreaks.  We are using observations, including field measurements and remotely sensed imagery, together with ecosystem and insect population modeling improve our understanding of these disturbances on carbon cycling. 


Author's Names: J. A. Hicke, D. S. Ojima, J. A. Logan, D. Kashian, et al
Filesize: 18.80 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 21
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  COMPARISON OF EDDY CO2 FLUXES MEASURED WITH OPEN-PATH AND CLOSED-PATH SYSTEMS BASED ON A LONG ... 
Description:

Evaluation of the difference between annual net CO2 ecosystem exchanges (NEE) from the open- and the closed-path data is important for site intercomparison studies. However, long-term measurements of NEE using both systems have been limited. We report the comparison of eddy CO2 fluxes measured with open- and closed path systems for three years from 2001 through 2003. The annual GPP estimated from closed-path data was 8–10% less negative than that from the open-path data, whereas the annual RE was 11–16% more positive for closed-path data. Consequently, the annual NEE from the closed-path data was less negative by 301–333 gC m-2 y-1. The bias of NEE between two systems is large and an extremely important issue. Ecophysiological approaches are needed to validate of the eddy covariance technique.


Author's Names: R. Hirata, T. Hirano, N. Saigusa, Y. Fujinuma, et al
Filesize: 50.06 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 32
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     Talk History
Friday, September 30
· Discussion Panel
· Nitrogen Regulation of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems in Respons
· The Role of Water Relations in Driving Grassland Ecosystem Responses to Rising A
· Unraveling the Decline in High-latitude Surface Ocean Carbonate
Thursday, September 29
· Hazards of Temperature on Food Availability in Changing Environments (HOT-FACE)
· The Amazon and the Modern Carbon Cycle
· New Coupled Climate-carbon Simulations from the IPSL Model
· The Changing Carbon Cycle
· What are the Most Important Factors for Climate-carbon Cycle Coupling?
· CO2 Uptake of the Marine Biosphere
· European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i
· Persistence of Nitrogen Limitation over Terrestrial Carbon Uptake
· Atmospheric CO2, Carbon Isotopes, the Sun, and Climate Change over the Last Mill
· Proposing a Mechanistic Understanding of Atmospheric CO2 During the late Pleist
· Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4) and Climate Evolution since 650 kyrs Deduced from Anta
Wednesday, September 28
· (In and) Out of Africa: Estimating the Carbon Exchange of a Continent
· Recent Shifts in Soil Dynamics on Growing Season Length, Productivity, and...
· Interannual Variability in the Carbon Exchange Using an Ecosystem-fire Model
· Photosynthesis and Respiration in Forests in Response to Environmental Changes
· Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in Japan
· Estimating Landscape-level Carbon Fluxes from Tower CO2 Mixing Ratio Measurement
· Monitoring Effects in Climate and Fire Regime on Net Ecosystem Production
· Radiative Forcing from a Boreal Forest Fire
· The Influence of Soil and Water Management on Carbon Erosion and Burial
· Spatial and Temporal Patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes in Ecosystems
· Modeling the History of Terrestrial Carbon Sources and Sinks
· The Age of Carbon Respired from Terrestrial Ecosystems
· Discussion Panel
· The Underpinnings of Land Use History
Tuesday, September 27
· Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories

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The 7th International CO2 Conference

The Omni Interlocken Resort
September 25th - 30th
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