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Category: Main/Abstracts/Land Use and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle


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  ACCURATE SIMULATION OF LOCAL DAILY CARBON FLUXES USING LARGE SCALE CLIMATE DATA SETS: EXAMPLE ...  Popular
Description:

A Dynamic Global Vegetation Model SEVER [Venevsky, Maksyutov, 2005] was applied for the fourteen EUROFLUX sites [Valentini, 2003] with a large scale daily NCEP climate data as an input (0.5º x 0.5º degree spatial resolution) for years 1997-2000 and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) calculated and observed were compared. Requirements for accurate estimate of local daily NEE flux from a large scale climate data set were found.


Author's Names: Sergey Venevsky, Shamil Maksyutov, Gen Inoue
Filesize: 42.02 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 70
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  ADVECTIVE TRANSPORT OF CO2 IN PERMEABLE MEDIA INDUCED BY ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS  Popular
Description:

Pressure fluctuations at the earth’s surface are caused by a variety of atmospheric phenomena. Examples include low frequency barometric pressure variations, high frequency atmospheric turbulence, atmospheric gravity waves, and quasi-static pressure fields created as wind blows over or around topographic features, like buildings, hills, wind breaks, etc. These naturally occurring pressure fields cause air to move in and out of soils, snowpacks, and other permeable media. Consequently, the uptake or release of trace gases from soils and snowpacks is a combination of molecular diffusion and advective flows caused by surface pressure fluctuations. Such pressure forcing has been found to influence the exchange rate of many trace gases from the underlying substrate to the atmosphere. Given the importance of these trace gases to understanding biogeochemical cycling and global change, it is crucial to quantify (as much as possible) any impact these advective flows can have on gas transport within soils and snowpacks. 


Author's Names: W. J. Massman
Filesize: 17.83 Kb
Added on: 02-Aug-2005 Downloads: 59
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  AIRCRAFT TO INVENTORES: A MULTISCALED INVESTIGATION OF CARBON FLUXES IN A MONTANE LANDSCAPE 
Description:
As a result of landuse, 50% or more of forests in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes are in hilly to mountainous terrain, accounting for half or more of the mid-latitude Gross Primary Productivity. The mid-latitude sink observed in the atmosphere may reflect carbon dynamics occurring in complex terrain.  This is challenging: these regions are inherently highly heterogeneous and currently reflect complex land use histories, and atmospheric techniques for estimating spatially integrated carbon fluxes don’t work well in sloping terrain. Consequently, the impacts of climate, harvesting regimes, disturbances and fire/pest management on carbon exchange are poorly constrained in mountains. While mountains are heterogeneous, the orientation of slopes to incident radiation and gravitational flows of air and water result in organization of the variability that can be exploited. Analysis using model-data fusion techniques of long-term eddy covariance data showed 1) mid-aged Rocky Mountain forests are sinks, 2) most of the net uptake occurs in the spring when melting snow provides moisture for photosynthesis but low soil temperatures inhibit respiration and 3) interannual variability is mainly due to GEE and is largely driven by spring temperature and precipitation, which both determine spring fluxes and set the stage for mid-summer soil moisture conditions.

Author's Names: David Schimel, Britton Stephens, Russell Monson, et al
Filesize: 37.34 Kb
Added on: 05-Aug-2005 Downloads: 46
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  ALLOCATION AND RESIDENCE TIME OF CURRENT PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTS IN A BOREAL FOREST USING ... 
Description:

We tested the utility of a low-level radiocarbon (14C) pulse-chase label for quantifying carbon allocation patterns and the contributions of different components to total ecosystem respiration at ambient CO2 concentrations in a black spruce forest stand in central Manitoba, Canada.  Approximately .01 moles of CO2 that was isotopically enriched in 14C to ~100,000 times background atmospheric 14C levels was introduced into the headspace of a 37,000 L translucent dome enclosure.  Over a one hour period, ~70% of this label was photosynthetically assimilated by the enclosed vegetation. The label application produced a 14C signature well below regulated health standards, and was easily detectable with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS).  We followed the allocation and timing of labeled photosynthetic products by measuring the amount and 14C content of CO2 respired from different ecosystem components over the following 30 days.


Author's Names: M.S. Carbone, C.I. Czimczik, K.E. McDuffee, S.E. Trumbore
Filesize: 41.74 Kb
Added on: 27-Jul-2005 Downloads: 47
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  ANNUAL CARBON DIOXIDE DRAWDOWN AND THE NORTHERN ANNULAR MODE 
Description:

Year-to-year variations in summer drawdown of northern hemisphere atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are compared with corresponding year-to-year variations in sea- level pressure (SLP), surface air temperature and the productivity of land vegetation as inferred from the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Annual values of CO2 drawdown for the years 1980-2000 are estimated from smoothed time series derived directly from individual flask samples at the 9 northern hemisphere monitoring stations with the most continuous records. The leading principal component of the 9 standardized drawdown time series, in which all stations exhibit positive loadings, is used to represent the hemispheric signal in the CO2 drawdown. Linear regression analysis is used to infer the spatial patterns of anomalies in sea level pressure, surface air temperature and the NDVI observed during various seasons of years in which the drawdown is anomalously strong.


Author's Names: J.L. Russell, E. Shevliakova, S. Malyshev, and J.M. Wallace
Filesize: 13.09 Kb
Added on: 04-Aug-2005 Downloads: 42
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  APPARENT TRENDS IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY OF MONSOON ASIA FROM 1982 TO 2002  Popular
Description:
The rapid economic growth of Monsoon Asia raises concerns about the future of carbon stored in the terrestrial ecosystems of the region, especially in connection with climate change [Tian et al., 2003; Canadell et al., 2002; Oikawa and Ito, 2001; Esser, 1995]. The regional carbon budget for 1980s suggests that Monsoon Asia as a whole acted as source [Tian et al., 2003], although some parts of the region acted as sink. Here we provide some evidence from satellite data that photosynthetic capacity of the region changed in the manner that suggests similar conclusion. Comparing the period 1982-1992 and the period 1992-2002, we found that the photosynthetic capacity of the territory generally decreased in the forest zone and increased in the non-forest zone of the region.

Author's Names: G. A. Alexandrov, T. Oikawa, and Y. Yamagata
Filesize: 39.70 Kb
Added on: 25-Jul-2005 Downloads: 52
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  C4 VEGETATION COVERAGE AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN SOUTH AMERICA: SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS  Popular
Description:

We build upon a previous approach to predict C3 and C4 fractions on the land surface using new higher resolution satellite datasets on vegetation growth form and crop type coverage. The approach relies upon the near-universal restriction of C4 photosynthesis to the herbaceous growth form and the differing performance of C3 and C4 plants in various temperature and radiation regimes. MODIS-derived data provide detailed information on growth form composition (%herbaceous, %woody, and %bare for each grid cell). Precipitation and temperature variations are derived from station data climatologies. Combining these data with MODIS-derived NPP fields from 2001, we predict latitudinal variations in C3 and C4 photosynthesis for South America. These variations will be discussed in the context of the global carbon cycle and the difficulty they pose for interannual inversion studies using global CO2 and d13C atmospheric data. 


Author's Names: C.J. Still1,2, and R. Powell
Filesize: 438.58 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 80
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  CARBON ALLOCATION IN AN OLD-GROWTH FOREST IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION OF THE UNITED STATES  Popular
Description:

We measured components of ecosystem respiration and biomass from wood, foliage and roots in two stands in an old-growth hemlock-northern hardwood forest. Respiration was measured by the chamber method and upscaled to the stand level. Wood production was calculated from the increase in tree size. Foliage biomass was measured from litterfall. Root production was measured from in-growth root cores. Based on the measurements of respiration and biomass we calculated gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP). The annual GPP was estimated as 1144 and 1089 g C m2 y-1 in the hardwood and hemlock stands, respectively. GPP was partitioned into 131, 115, 270, 168, 257, 203 g C m2 y-1 of wood, foliage, and root respiration, and wood, foliage, and root production, respectively, in the hardwood stand, and 206, 72, 155, 190, 139, 327 g C m2 y-1 of wood, foliage, and root respiration, and wood, foliage, and root production, respectively, in the hemlock stand. The percentage of GPP allocated to wood, foliage and roots for growth and respiration was 20%, 23%, and 57%, respectively, for the hardwood stand, and 31%, 14%, and 55%, respectively, for the hemlock stand. The ratio of net primary production (NPP)/GPP was 30% in the hardwood stand and 33% in the hemlock stand.


Author's Names: J. Tang, and P.V. Bolstad
Filesize: 30.54 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 62
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  CARBON BALANCE IN ABANDONED LANDS OF MOSCOW REGION IN RUSSIA  Popular
Description:

Carbon balance of cultivated soil (loamy Phaeozems) under fallow was compared with that of soils abandoned 1, 5, 10, and 25 years converted naturally to permanent grassland (Moscow region, Russia). Carbon inflow or net primary production (NPP) was calculated as the sum of the above and below ground productivity of grassland ecosystems. The total C outflow was equal to the annual CO2 fluxes from the soils and was estimated as CO2 emission measured by the closed chamber method. Carbon balance (CB) was defined as the difference between respiration of heterotrophs and NPP. Botanical survey clearly showed that the vegetation of abandoned agricultural lands changed to permanent grasslands after 5 years of abandonment. Carbon inflow increased from 97 g C·m-2·yr-1 in the arable soils to 1100 g C·m-2·yr-1 in the 10-yr grassland. Total annual carbon losses from soils as CO2 amounted to 347-845 g C·m-2·yr-1. Heterotrophic respiration varied from 272 g C·m-2·yr-1 in cultivated soil to 411 g C·m-2·yr-1 in 25-yr grassland. Our estimations showed that 5, 10, and 25 yr grasslands act as carbon sink and their C balance constituted -217 g C·m-2·yr-1, -778 g C·m-2·yr-1 and -473 g C·m-2·y-1, respectively. Arable soils under the fallow act as CO2 source (CB = +175 g C·m-2·yr-1). Carbon balance of the one-year grassland was close to zero. Hence, after 5 years abandonment former arable lands converted to permanent grasslands become a stable C sink.


Author's Names: I. N. Kurganova, A.M. Yermolaev, et al
Filesize: 46.55 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 52
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  CARBON BALANCE OF LARCH FOREST ECOSYSTEMS  Popular
Description:

We partitioned the components of CO2 flux by the chamber approaches for a 45-year-old larch forest in northern Japan. In 2003, annual soil-CO2 efflux was averaged to 9.59 tC ha-1, heterotrophic respiration was about 5.47 tC ha-1 that accounted about 57% of the soil-CO2 efflux, net annual CO2 exchange of understory vegetation was about -0.39 tC ha-1, annual aboveground woody tissue respiration was bout 0.75 tC ha-1, and annual photosynthesis and respiration of the canopy was about -12.75 and 1.15 tC ha-1, respectively. Annual GPP, NPP, NEP and ecosystem respiration for this forest was estimated to be about 13.49, 7.16, 2.04 and 11.45 tC ha-1, respectively. The contribution of canopy respiration, aboveground woody respiration, root respiration and heterotrophic respiration to GPP was about 8.1%, 5.6%, 30.6% and 40.5%, respectively.


Author's Names: N. Liang, Y. Fujinuma, and G. Inoue
Filesize: 41.90 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 65
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     Talk History
Friday, September 30
· Discussion Panel
· Nitrogen Regulation of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems in Respons
· The Role of Water Relations in Driving Grassland Ecosystem Responses to Rising A
· Unraveling the Decline in High-latitude Surface Ocean Carbonate
Thursday, September 29
· Hazards of Temperature on Food Availability in Changing Environments (HOT-FACE)
· The Amazon and the Modern Carbon Cycle
· New Coupled Climate-carbon Simulations from the IPSL Model
· The Changing Carbon Cycle
· What are the Most Important Factors for Climate-carbon Cycle Coupling?
· CO2 Uptake of the Marine Biosphere
· European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i
· Persistence of Nitrogen Limitation over Terrestrial Carbon Uptake
· Atmospheric CO2, Carbon Isotopes, the Sun, and Climate Change over the Last Mill
· Proposing a Mechanistic Understanding of Atmospheric CO2 During the late Pleist
· Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4) and Climate Evolution since 650 kyrs Deduced from Anta
Wednesday, September 28
· (In and) Out of Africa: Estimating the Carbon Exchange of a Continent
· Recent Shifts in Soil Dynamics on Growing Season Length, Productivity, and...
· Interannual Variability in the Carbon Exchange Using an Ecosystem-fire Model
· Photosynthesis and Respiration in Forests in Response to Environmental Changes
· Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in Japan
· Estimating Landscape-level Carbon Fluxes from Tower CO2 Mixing Ratio Measurement
· Monitoring Effects in Climate and Fire Regime on Net Ecosystem Production
· Radiative Forcing from a Boreal Forest Fire
· The Influence of Soil and Water Management on Carbon Erosion and Burial
· Spatial and Temporal Patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes in Ecosystems
· Modeling the History of Terrestrial Carbon Sources and Sinks
· The Age of Carbon Respired from Terrestrial Ecosystems
· Discussion Panel
· The Underpinnings of Land Use History
Tuesday, September 27
· Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories

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The 7th International CO2 Conference

The Omni Interlocken Resort
September 25th - 30th
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