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Category: Main/Abstracts/Land Use and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle


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  REGIONAL ECOSYSTEM-ATMOSPHERE CARBON EXCHANGE OBSERVED SIMULTANEOUSLY VIA ATMOSPHERIC INVERSIONS ... 
Description:

The overarching goal of a long-term, multi-investigator, regional study of ecosystem-atmosphere carbon cycling in a mixed forest ecosystem in the upper Midwest of the USA is to observe ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide at scales of relevance to the global carbon balance, while simultaneously understanding the mechanisms governing this exchange. This study, the Chequamegon Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (ChEAS), brings together multiple approaches to observing carbon fluxes, including chamber flux, sap flux and biometric measurements at the plot scale (~1 m2), multiple stand-level (~1 km2) eddy-covariance flux towers, landscape-scale (~10-100 km2) eddy-covariance flux measurements from the WLEF tall tower, multiple regional (103-105 km2) atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) budget approaches using tall tower mixing ratio measurements, and a regional (~105 km2) ABL budget using a network of CO2 mixing ratio measurements on communications towers. Flux measurements have been up-scaled to the region using a variety of approaches, and compared to the regional ABL budget methods. Top-down and bottom-up methods fall within a range of values for growing-season flux estimates that suggests a level of precision for regional flux estimates of approximately 0.5 gC m-2 d-1. A multi-tower inverse study should increase the level of precision of the ABL budget flux estimates. Interpreting the mechanisms governing these fluxes requires plot- and stand-level data. These data show that variability in seasonal and annual fluxes among flux towers is large, refuting hypotheses that ecosystem-atmosphere exchange can be explained simply by climate, or that a sparse flux tower network can be used to map carbon fluxes over continental domains. Stand age and stand type (e.g. aspen, wetland, northern hardwood forest) explain a large fraction but not all of the observed variability among stands. More sophisticated land classification schemes may be needed to improve the precision of bottom-up methods. Multi-year records are used to examine interannual variability in the carbon balance of the region and show that interannual variability at WLEF is clearly correlated with climate variability. Limited multi-year records at the plot- and stand-level partly support the hypothesis that year-to-year variability in carbon fluxes are coherent across the region, and begin to describe the causes of the observed interannual variability. Further study is needed to evaluate the network design required to describe both the magnitude and mechanisms of interannual variability in the regional carbon balance.


Author's Names: K.J. Davis, A. Andrews, J.A. Berry, P.V. Bolstad, et al
Filesize: 131.32 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 31
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  REGIONAL-SCALE CHARACTERIZATION OF SUMMERTIME CO2 SOURCES AND SINKS OVER THE CONTERMINOUS ... 
Description:

Fast-response (1-s resolution) CO2 measurements were recorded aboard the NASA DC-8 during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment – North America (INTEX-NA) mission.  Utilizing a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer-based sampling system, measurements were obtained over sparsely sampled areas of North America and adjacent ocean basins providing valuable regional-scale information on carbon sources and sinks.


Author's Names: S.A. Vay, Y. Choi, J.-H. Woo, and K. Prasad
Filesize: 369.00 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 41
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  ROOT AND MICROBIAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE TOTAL CO2 EFFLUX FROM SOIL AS DEPENDENT ON LAND USE 
Description:

The contribution of roots to the annual CO2 emission from gray forest and soddy podzolic soils measured in the field experiments under crops and native vegetation varied in the wide range from 10 to 58% of CO2 emission from the soil by mean value of 33%. The contribution of roots to the CO2 emission from soil surface calculated for growth season for all the ecosystems studied was equal to 44%. In agroecosystems the contribution of roots was strongly related to the length of crops growth. CO2 emission during dormant periods of the year was greatly controlled by the decomposition of surface litter and detritus in the soil than by respiration of roots and soil microorganisms.


Author's Names: A. Larionova, V. Lopes de Gerenju, D.Sapronov, I. Yevdokimov
Filesize: 35.02 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 19
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  SATELLITE-BASED MODELING OF GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF DECIDUOUS FOREST AND GRASSLAND SITES ... 
Description:
The satellite-based Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM) that estimates seasonal dynamics of gross primary production (GPP) of vegetation was applied to 5 European forest and grassland sites. The relatively simple VPM model is based upon light absorption by leaf chlorophyll, leaf water content and leaf age. The current version of the VPM model relates the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) to light absorption by leaf chlorophyll and the Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) to leaf water content, modifying implied functional relationships within the model according to daily air temperature and photo-synthetically active radiation input. We used site-specific climate data and CO2 flux data of the year 2002 from three beech forest sites and two grassland/cropland sites of the CARBOEUROPE network for testing.

Author's Names: Xiangming Xiao
Filesize: 11.46 Kb
Added on: 09-Aug-2005 Downloads: 25
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  SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN NET ECOSYSTEM CO2 EXCHANGE IN SIX FOREST FLUX SITES IN JAPAN  Popular
Description:

Eddy covariance measurements of CO2 were taken for five years above six forests distributed from the northern to southernmost main islands of Japan. These forests included cool- and warm-temperate deciduous and coniferous forests. The climate of Japan is characterized by apparent seasonal changes and adequate precipitation affected by the East Asian monsoon. In this report, we compared net ecosystem production (NEP) among forests using the eddy covariance method and analyzed the climatic factors that affect seasonal and inter-annual changes in NEP in relation to forest type. The observed annual NEP from 2000 to 2002 ranged from 286 to 566 gCm-2yr-1, and this basically increased with decreasing latitude. The observed maximum 10 days mean NEP was about 1.5 times larger in the deciduous sites, although the growing period was more than 2 times longer in the coniferous sites.


Author's Names: Y. Ohtani, Y. Yasuda, Y. Mizoguchi, T. Watanabe, et al
Filesize: 31.36 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 97
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  SEASONAL CHANGE OF CO2 FLUX ABOVE A JAPANESE BEECH FOREST 
Description:

Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute erected a CO2 flux observation tower at a Japanese beech forest, and have measured CO2 flux with closed-pass eddy covariance method for 5 years. During the observation period, 2003 was the most CO2 absorbed year, and the amount was 1.9 times larger than 2004, which was the least CO2 absorbed year. To investigate the cause of the smaller CO2 absorption in 2004, we referred some meteorological factors in 2003 and 2004.  Solar radiation (during green-leaved season) was larger in 2004 than 2003, in contradiction to CO2 absorption.  On the other, air temperature was higher in 2004 than 2003 (both in green-leaved and defoliated season). We assumed that larger respiration in 2004 effected the depression of annual CO2 absorption.  At our research site, annual mean air temperature in 2004 was 0.95 degree centigrade warmer than 2003.  The result of this study suggests the tendency that warmer climate may cause less CO2 absorption in this Japanese beech forest.


Author's Names: T. Saito, Y. Ohtani, Y. Mizoguchi, T. Morisawa
Filesize: 84.05 Kb
Added on: 04-Aug-2005 Downloads: 20
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  SEASONAL VARIATION AND PARTITIONING OF NOCTURNAL FOREST LEVEL RESPIRATION IN A MIXED BROADLEAVED ... 
Description:

Seasonal variations in nocturnal aboveground forest level respiration were measured using static, automated foliage and stem chambers in the Yamashiro Experimental Forest (YEF), a broadleaved secondary forest in Kyoto, Japan. The growth component of the respiration during the growing season equaled 12% of the total annual aboveground nocturnal forest level respiration in the YEF. These findings suggest that growth respiration is an important component of total respiration in similar forests.


Author's Names: T. Miyama, Y. Kominami, I. Hosoda, K. Tamai, et al
Filesize: 26.06 Kb
Added on: 02-Aug-2005 Downloads: 21
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  SIGNALS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION AT BOREAL FORESTS IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENT ...  Popular
Description:

The isotopic composition of the ecosystem respiration (d13CER) and the isotopic discrimination of the ecosystem (DEco) were retrieved from intensive campaigns (1998 to 2000) and from weekly diurnal sampling (2003) at a boreal forest site (Fraserdale, Canada, 49°53'N, 81°34'W). The results show that d13CER was less sensitive to temperature (T) variation compared with DEco, suggesting that the photosynthesis CO2 flux was likely more sensitive to temperature than the ecosystem respiration CO2 flux during the same period of time at the study site.


Author's Names: L.Huang, B. Chen, P.P. Tans, K.Higuchi, D.Worthy, et al
Filesize: 87.89 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 150
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  SIMULATING EFFECTS OF LAND USE CHANGE ON CARBON FLUXES WITH A PROCESS MODEL IN SUBTROPICAL ... 
Description:

A process model was used to simulate changes in the carbon fluxes and stocks at a site that was transformed a grassland to a plantation at Qian Yanzhou. The total carbon storage of the zonal vegetation (evergreen broadleaf forest) was simulated and taken as the saturated carbon storage value of that site. The simulated vegetation density and soil organic carbon (SOC) were compared with the observed. The simulates indicate that after 20 years planting of the needle leaf forests (Pinus Massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus elliottii ect) on ex-grassland, the net carbon storage increase in the plantation was 8.03 kg C/m2,in which the vegetation carbon storage increased 8.5334 kg C/m2 and the soil carbon storage decreased 0.518 kg C/m2. The total carbon storage of 20 years plantation is 58.6% of the saturated value. The study also shows that between 0 and 7 years of land use change the soil carbon was decreased and between 7 and 20 years it was predicted to increase slowly.


Author's Names: M. Huang, J. Ji, M. Cao, and K. Li
Filesize: 51.59 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 17
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  SOIL CARBON IN ABANDONED LANDS OF RUSSIA 
Description:

Annual changes in soil carbon stock are considered of the abandoned managed agricultural lands that were under natural regrowth over the territory of Russia within the period 1990-2002. Total area of abandoned agricultural land is 21,6 millions ha. The projections of changes in the carbon stock have been made for the period from present to 2010. The ROTHC model was employed in the investigation of carbon dynamics in soils. The territory of Russia was subdivided into 40 regions. The average basic soil and climatic parameters, as well as the annual input of organic matter into soils due to natural succession were estimated for each region. Average annual net-emission over the territory of abandoned lands was 2,1 ± 1,8 Tg C/yr in 1990-1999. CO2 removal from the atmosphere by soils was 5,2 ± 2,8 Tg C/yr on average in 2000-2002. A total increase in carbon stock of the abandoned lands over the country can be as high as 153 Tg C (that corresponds to the removal of 561 Tg of CO2 from the atmosphere) in 2010. Central regions of the European part of Russia, south of East Siberia and the Far East will have the highest intensity of carbon sequestration.


Author's Names: A.A. Romanovskaya
Filesize: 36.11 Kb
Added on: 04-Aug-2005 Downloads: 22
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     Talk History
Friday, September 30
· Discussion Panel
· Nitrogen Regulation of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems in Respons
· The Role of Water Relations in Driving Grassland Ecosystem Responses to Rising A
· Unraveling the Decline in High-latitude Surface Ocean Carbonate
Thursday, September 29
· Hazards of Temperature on Food Availability in Changing Environments (HOT-FACE)
· The Amazon and the Modern Carbon Cycle
· New Coupled Climate-carbon Simulations from the IPSL Model
· The Changing Carbon Cycle
· What are the Most Important Factors for Climate-carbon Cycle Coupling?
· CO2 Uptake of the Marine Biosphere
· European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i
· Persistence of Nitrogen Limitation over Terrestrial Carbon Uptake
· Atmospheric CO2, Carbon Isotopes, the Sun, and Climate Change over the Last Mill
· Proposing a Mechanistic Understanding of Atmospheric CO2 During the late Pleist
· Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4) and Climate Evolution since 650 kyrs Deduced from Anta
Wednesday, September 28
· (In and) Out of Africa: Estimating the Carbon Exchange of a Continent
· Recent Shifts in Soil Dynamics on Growing Season Length, Productivity, and...
· Interannual Variability in the Carbon Exchange Using an Ecosystem-fire Model
· Photosynthesis and Respiration in Forests in Response to Environmental Changes
· Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in Japan
· Estimating Landscape-level Carbon Fluxes from Tower CO2 Mixing Ratio Measurement
· Monitoring Effects in Climate and Fire Regime on Net Ecosystem Production
· Radiative Forcing from a Boreal Forest Fire
· The Influence of Soil and Water Management on Carbon Erosion and Burial
· Spatial and Temporal Patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes in Ecosystems
· Modeling the History of Terrestrial Carbon Sources and Sinks
· The Age of Carbon Respired from Terrestrial Ecosystems
· Discussion Panel
· The Underpinnings of Land Use History
Tuesday, September 27
· Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories

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The 7th International CO2 Conference

The Omni Interlocken Resort
September 25th - 30th
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