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Category: Main/Abstracts/Land Use and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle


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  EFFECTS OF DISTURBANCE AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON CARBON BALANCE IN CANADA’S FORESTS AND WETLANDS 
Description:

Model simulations indicated that Canada’s forests and wetlands acted as a carbon (C) sink of 112 Tg C
yr-1 averaged during 1901-1998. Wetlands was a crucial contributor to this sink (50 Tg C yr-1). Disturbance history determined the decadal temporal pattern of C balance. Nondisturbance factors enhanced C accumulations in Canada’s forests and wetlands in the last century. The enhancement of each nondisturbance factor on C uptake changed temporally.


Author's Names: W. Ju, and J. M. Chen
Filesize: 84.65 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 18
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  ESTIMATING AND EVALUATING TERRESTRIAL CARBON FLUXES USING A BIOSPHERE MODEL IN TOKAI REGION 
Description:

Terrestrial carbon fluxes are an important factor for the studies of global warming. This study focuses on estimating a fluctuation of the terrestrial carbon fluxes in the Tokai region, Japan. The local biosphere model used calculates carbon, water, and heat fluxes, and required some climate and vegetation parameters as inputs. The model was operated in 2000-2004 using meteorological data and MODIS data products. We estimated spatial distributions in heat and carbon fluxes at spatial resolution of 1*1 km, and validated an adaptability of the model using measured data at the Takayama flux-site. As a result, estimated GPP and heat fluxes had a good relationship to measured data. We can precisely check on the accuracy of the model to estimate the spatial and temporal patterns of the terrestrial carbon fluxes.


Author's Names: T. Sasai, K. Okamoto, K. Murakami, and Y. Yamaguchi
Filesize: 162.38 Kb
Added on: 04-Aug-2005 Downloads: 24
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  ESTIMATING LANDSCAPE-LEVEL CARBON FLUXES FROM TOWER CO2 MIXING RATIO DATA  Popular
Description:

Variations of the CO2 mixing ratio in the atmosphere near the surface result from several processes, including photosynthesis and respiration of the underlying ecosystems, vertical mixing near the surface and in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and entrainment of air above the PBL. We developed a novel approach for isolating ecosystem metabolism signals at the landscape scale (102-104 km2) in an hourly CO2 record using a vertical diffusion scheme coupled with an ecosystem model.


Author's Names: J.M. Chen, B. Chen, K. Higuchi, D. Chan, et al
Filesize: 33.38 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 145
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  ESTIMATING THE CO2 FLUX FROM COARSE WOODY DEBRIS USING AUTOMATED AND MANUAL CHAMBER ... 
Description:

The CO2 flux from coarse woody debris (RCWD) in a deciduous broad-leaved forest was measured using chamber measurements. The relationships between RCWD and environmental factors, such as temperature (T) and the water content (θ) of the coarse woody debris (CWD), were determined from long-term continuous measurements. Measurements of the RCWD of many CWD samples revealed relationships between RCWD and CWD characteristics, such as wood density (ρ) and diameter (D). A field survey conducted in 2003 estimated the mass of CWD as 9.30tC·ha-1, with snags amounting to 60% of the total CWD mass. Scaling RCWD to the ecosystem while considering environmental factors according to the type (snag or log) of CWD and CWD characteristics, we estimated that the annual RCWD in the forest was 0.50tC·ha-1·y-1 in 2003. This came to 13-19% of the total heterotrophic respiration in the forest. The mean annual CWD input mass from 2000 to 2004 was 0.61tC·ha-1·y-1. Therefore, 0.11tC·ha-1·y-1 were sequestered by CWD, which amounted to 7% of the net ecosystem production (NEP) in the forest. In a younger forest, it is difficult to assume that the CWD input and decomposition are balanced, so the RCWD and CWD input mass should be quantified to evaluate the forest carbon cycle and NEP.


Author's Names: M. Jomura, Y. Kominami, K. Tamai, T. Miyama, et al
Filesize: 182.40 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 33
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  EVALUATION OF INTER-ANNUAL CARBON BUDGET FOR A SUB-ARCTIC BLACK SPRUCE FOREST BASED ON ... 
Description:

Measurements of CO2 flux were made by the eddy correlation method over a sub-arctic black spruce forest in interior Alaska. Observed CO2 budget were sinks of -531~-247 and -219~0 g CO2 m-2 year-1 during 2003 and 2004, respectively. The broad range is caused by uncertainty regarding assessment of the nocturnal fluxes. The sequestration of CO2 during 2004 was limited by high temperature, drought or low light intensity conditions. The net CO2 flux is in a delicate balance between two large terms, which would shift from sink to source due to global warming.


Author's Names: M.Ueyama, Y.Harazono, R.Okada, and A.Miyata
Filesize: 169.91 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 18
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  FEASIBILITY OF EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS OF THE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF CO2 FLUXES ABOVE A ... 
Description:

Better quantification of atmosphere-ecosystem exchange of the isotopologues of CO2 could substantially improve our ability to probe under­lying physiological and ecological mechanisms controlling ecosystem carbon exchange, but the ability to make long-term continuous measurements of the isotopic composition of exchange fluxes has been limited by measure­ment difficulties. Quantum cascade (QC) lasers are a new generation of infrared light sources that offer increased stability and power for absorption spectroscopy applications (including the measurement of isotope ratios in atmospheric CO2) and promise substantial improvements over existing instruments: smaller size, increased robustness, and most significantly for remote or long-term field deployments, no need for cryogenic cooling of laser or detectors. 


Author's Names: S.R. Saleska, J.H. Shorter, S. Herndon, et al
Filesize: 20.54 Kb
Added on: 04-Aug-2005 Downloads: 21
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  FLUXES OF CO2, N2O, AND CH4 IN A COLD-TEMPERATE GRASSLAND SOIL OF NORTHERN JAPAN ESTIMATED ... 
Description:

Concentrations of 222Rn, CO2, N2O and CH4 were measured in a cold-temperate northern Japanese grassland soil during 1996 to compare the fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 calculated by the 222Rn method and the static chamber method and to estimate the source strengths of CO2 and N2O in the soil using the 222Rn method. The 222Rn fluxes ranged from 890 to 3400 dpm/m2/h and the average was 1570±310 dpm/m2/h on sandy soil (50% sand). The results of CO2, N2O and CH4 flux-measurements by the 222Rn method were in agreement with those by the static chamber method within the observed range of error. The vertical profiles of soil source strengths of CO2 and N2O were also calculated from the concentration gradients of 222Rn, CO2 and N2O to investigate seasonal changes in the soil production rates of CO2 and N2O. The production rates of CO2 and N2O varied significantly by season, averaging 1650±450 mgC/m3/h and 19±3.2 µgN/m3/h, respectively. These seasonal changes in the source strengths of CO2 and N2O in the surface soil corresponded with changes in fluxes of CO2 and N2O from the soil.


Author's Names: Yongwon Kim and Noriyuki Tanaka
Filesize: 62.26 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 19
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  HISTORICAL CHANGES IN CARBON STORAGE OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES: UNCERTAINTIES ASSOCIATED ... 
Description:
Process-based models are important tools in assessments because they are able to integrate mechanisms responsible for changes in carbon storage. Retrospective model analyses are important for clarifying land use impacts on carbon storage estimates. The objectives of our study were to: 1) develop a land use model that allows annual conversion of native ecosystems to agriculture and creation of age cohorts following harvest and cropland abandonment from 1600 to 2002; 2) compare modeled age class distribution with independent inventory data on stand age distributions, and 3) use these data sets to drive the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) and evaluate how assumptions about soil degradation and CO2 fertilization influence estimates of changes in carbon storage of the eastern US.

Author's Names: L.A. Joyce, A.D. McGuire, D.P. Coulson, J. Clein, T. Bumside
Filesize: 15.12 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 19
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  HOW WELL DO WE NEED TO KNOW BIOMASS? 
Description:

The long-term net flux of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere has been dominated by two factors: changes in the area of forests and per hectare changes in forest biomass resulting from management and regrowth. While these factors are reasonably well documented in countries of the northern mid-latitudes as a result of systematic forest inventories, they are uncertain in the tropics. Recent estimates of carbon emissions from tropical deforestation have focused on the uncertainty in rates of deforestation [Achard et al., 2002, 2004; DeFries et al., 2002; Houghton, 2003]. By using the nearly the same data for biomass, however, these studies have underestimated the total uncertainty of tropical emissions and may have biased the estimates. In particular, regional and country-specific estimates of forest biomass reported by three successive assessments of tropical forest resources by the FAO [FAO/UNEP, 1981; FAO, 1995; FAO, 2001] indicate systematic changes in biomass that have not been taken into account in recent estimates of tropical carbon emissions. The ‘changes’ more likely represent improved information than real on-the-ground changes in carbon storage. In either case, however, the data have a significant effect on current estimates of carbon emissions from the tropics and, hence, on understanding the global carbon balance.


Author's Names: R.A. Houghton
Filesize: 52.66 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 25
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  IMPORTANCE OF RECENT SHIFTS IN SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS ON GROWING SEASON LENGTH, PRODUCTIVITY, ...  Popular
Description:

In terrestrial high-latitude regions, observations indicate recent changes in snow cover, permafrost, and soil freeze-thaw transitions due to climate change.  These modifications may result in temporal shifts in the growing season and the associated rates of terrestrial productivity. Changes in productivity will influence the ability of these ecosystems to sequester atmospheric CO2. We use the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), which simulates the soil thermal regime, in addition to terrestrial carbon, nitrogen and water dynamics, to explore these issues over the years 1960-2100 in extratropical regions (30˚-90˚ N).  Our results reveal noteworthy changes in snow, permafrost, growing season length, productivity, and net carbon uptake, indicating that prediction of terrestrial carbon dynamics from one decade to the next will require that large-scale models adequately take into account the corresponding changes in soil thermal regimes.


Author's Names: E.S. Euskirchen, A.D. McGuire, D.W. Kicklighter, et al
Filesize: 60.62 Kb
Added on: 28-Jul-2005 Downloads: 127
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     Talk History
Friday, September 30
· Discussion Panel
· Nitrogen Regulation of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems in Respons
· The Role of Water Relations in Driving Grassland Ecosystem Responses to Rising A
· Unraveling the Decline in High-latitude Surface Ocean Carbonate
Thursday, September 29
· Hazards of Temperature on Food Availability in Changing Environments (HOT-FACE)
· The Amazon and the Modern Carbon Cycle
· New Coupled Climate-carbon Simulations from the IPSL Model
· The Changing Carbon Cycle
· What are the Most Important Factors for Climate-carbon Cycle Coupling?
· CO2 Uptake of the Marine Biosphere
· European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i
· Persistence of Nitrogen Limitation over Terrestrial Carbon Uptake
· Atmospheric CO2, Carbon Isotopes, the Sun, and Climate Change over the Last Mill
· Proposing a Mechanistic Understanding of Atmospheric CO2 During the late Pleist
· Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4) and Climate Evolution since 650 kyrs Deduced from Anta
Wednesday, September 28
· (In and) Out of Africa: Estimating the Carbon Exchange of a Continent
· Recent Shifts in Soil Dynamics on Growing Season Length, Productivity, and...
· Interannual Variability in the Carbon Exchange Using an Ecosystem-fire Model
· Photosynthesis and Respiration in Forests in Response to Environmental Changes
· Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in Japan
· Estimating Landscape-level Carbon Fluxes from Tower CO2 Mixing Ratio Measurement
· Monitoring Effects in Climate and Fire Regime on Net Ecosystem Production
· Radiative Forcing from a Boreal Forest Fire
· The Influence of Soil and Water Management on Carbon Erosion and Burial
· Spatial and Temporal Patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes in Ecosystems
· Modeling the History of Terrestrial Carbon Sources and Sinks
· The Age of Carbon Respired from Terrestrial Ecosystems
· Discussion Panel
· The Underpinnings of Land Use History
Tuesday, September 27
· Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories

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The 7th International CO2 Conference

The Omni Interlocken Resort
September 25th - 30th
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