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Category: Main/Abstracts/Land Use and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle


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  IN AND OUT OF AFRICA: ESTIMATING THE CARBON EXCHANGE OF A CONTINENT  Popular
Description:

Understanding the diverse elements of the global carbon cycle has been the focus of much recent research [Prentice et al. 2001, Schimel et al. 2001, Gurney et al. 2002, House et al. 2003]; research that is vital to our understanding of the missing sink, future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and future climate [Fan et al. 1998, Houghton et al. 1998]. Much research has concentrated on carbon dynamics of the large ocean basins [Lee et al. 1998, Le Quéré et al. 2003] and terrestrial exchange in North America and Eurasia [Pacala et al. 2000, Schimel et al. 2000]. Despite representing 20% of the global land mass, Africa has thus far been largely neglected in these studies. We will examine current understanding of carbon stocks and fluxes within Africa and discuss how uncertainty in global carbon dynamics arises in part from uncertainty in the African components. We outline areas where new measurements and research in Africa can contribute to understanding at both continental and global scales.


Author's Names: N. P. Hanan, C.A. Williams, R.J. Scholes, et al
Filesize: 50.76 Kb
Added on: 29-Jul-2005 Downloads: 145
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  INFERRING FLUXES OF BIOMASS BURNING FROM A GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM 
Description:

The Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System (CCDAS) infers values of the parameters controlling the function of a process model of the terrestrial biosphere using various observations. An obvious restriction of this approach is the limitation by the dynamics of the underlying process model. Careful study of the model-data mismatch and analysis of residuals can alert us to the presence of systematic errors which then candidate processes to extend the terrestrial biosphere model and the assimilation system. In a previous study, Rayner et al. [2005] noticed systematic underestimate of carbon release events in the tropics. The most likely explanation for this was the absence of any model of biomass burning in the biosphere model used in that study. Here, we extend CCDAS to infer the spatial and temporal patterns of biomass burning in the period 1979-1999. In a first attempt we include some flux components to account for missing processes. This so-called weak constraint form avoids biasing the inferences since the underlying model is no longer forced to match data without necessary processes. Also the magnitudes of the extra inferred fluxes quantify the missing processes.


Author's Names: M. Scholze, P. Rayner, W. Knorr, T. Kaminski, et al
Filesize: 12.15 Kb
Added on: 04-Aug-2005 Downloads: 21
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  INFLUENCES OF CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SUMMER RAIN PULSES ON ROOT DYNAMICS AND SOIL ... 
Description:

The first objective of this paper is to make the link between the seasonality of fine root dynamics and soil respiration in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson) plantation located in the Sierra Nevada of California. The second objective is to better understand how canopy photosynthesis influences fine root initiation, growth and mortality in this ecosystem. We compared CO2 flux measurements (NEE, soil CO2 efflux) with aboveground and belowground root dynamics. Soil respiration was measured in a control and a trenched plot to separate heterotrophic and autotrophic soil respiration.


Author's Names: L. Misson, A. Gershenson, J. Tang, R. Boniello, et al
Filesize: 112.58 Kb
Added on: 02-Aug-2005 Downloads: 20
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  INTEGRATION OF EXISTING DATA TO ESTIMATE THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT ON CARBON ...  Popular
Description:

Human activities have altered rates of carbon erosion from soils and carbon deposition in sediments.  We are developing methods to quantify the present-day and historical effects of these changes on the carbon mass balance of the conterminous U.S. land surface.  Because our analysis uses a combination of diverse existing datasets, we devote particular attention to methods for the estimation of uncertainties that are consistent with the statistical character of the source data.


Author's Names: Eric T. Sundquist, Katherine Visser Ackerman, et al
Filesize: 25.12 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 111
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  INTENSIVE TILLAGE AS A MECHANISM FOR CO2 EMISSION FROM AGRICULTURAL SOILS 
Description:
Agricultural ecosystems can play a significant role in production and consumption of greenhouse gases, specifically, carbon dioxide (CO2).  Information is needed on the mechanism and magnitude of gas generation and emission from agricultural soils with specific emphasis on tillage mechanisms. This work reviews effect of different tillage methods on the short-term CO2 and H2O vapor flux from clay loam soils high in soil organic carbon (C) in the northern corn belt of the U.S. [Reicosky and Lindstrom, 1993, 1995; Reicosky, 1997, 1998]. The soil CO2 flux was measured one minute after the tillage using a large, portable chamber as described by Reicosky and Lindstrom [1993]. The four tillage methods were moldboard plow (MP) only, moldboard plow plus disk harrow twice, disk harrow and chisel plow using standard tillage equipment following a wheat (T. Aestivum L) crop compared with no tillage (NT).

Author's Names: D.C. Reicosky
Filesize: 26.51 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 21
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  INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN SOIL RESPIRATION OF FOREST, ... 
Description:

Annual and seasonal dynamics of total soil respiration (TSR) of sandy Albeluvisols and clay Phaeozems under forest, grassland, and arable were studied in situ (Russia, Moscow Region). Measurements of soil CO2 emission were carried out by closed chamber method from November 1997 through October 2003 weekly. The highest mean TSR (806+86 g C·m-2·yr-1) was observed for sandy Albeluvisols under grassland. It significantly exceeded the annual CO2 fluxes from soils of other ecosystems (P< 0.1). The lowest value of mean annual TSR was observed for arable clay Phaeozems (361+55 g C·m-2·yr-1). It was reliably lower than in soils of the other cenoses (P<0.5). No significant differences were found between annual amounts of CO2 emitted from Albeluvisols under forest and Phaeozems under forest and grassland. The interannual variability of TSR caused by the difference of weather conditions was 30% on average and ranged from 25-26% (forest and grassland ecosystems on Albeluvisols) to 37% (agroecosystem on Phaeozems). We found that TSR in natural ecosystems positively correlated with the total annual precipitation and sum of precipitation for the spring season (R=0.73-0.90, P<0.1). The share of the cold period (November-April) to the annual CO2 flux was substantial and averaged 22-25% and 17% for natural and agricultural ecosystems, respectively. Therefore, emission of CO2 during the cold period was an essential part of the annual CO2 fluxes from soils of sub-boreal zone, which should be taken into account while calculating the carbon budget for the whole year.  


Author's Names: V.O. Lopes de Gerenyu, I.N. Kurganova, L.N. Rozanova, et al
Filesize: 93.13 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 21
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  INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN TERRESTRIAL CARBON EXCHANGE USING AN ECOSYSTEM FIRE MODEL  Popular
Description:

We have incorporated a semi-mechanistic fire model into the SEVER Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM). The model produces estimates of net primary productivity (NPP), heterotrophic respiration (HR) and fire carbon emission (FE) for the globe. This model was run for the period 1957-2002 with the NCEP climate reanalysis data as an input. Results were compared with the ATSR area burnt maps and a Time Dependent Inverse (TDI) model fluxes of CO2. We find that on interannual time scales NPP variability explains major part of flux variability simulated by the TDI model, followed by the HR and FE contributions.


Author's Names: Sergey Venevsky, Prabir K. Patra, Shamil Maksyutov, et al
Filesize: 64.05 Kb
Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 162
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  INVESTIGATIONS OF THE LAND BIOTIC O2:CO2 EXCHANGE RATIOS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 
Description:

Accurate estimations of the land biotic O2/CO2 exchange ratios are required to allow quantification of the land/ocean carbon sink partitioning from atmospheric measurements of both O2 and CO2 concentrations.

 

This study shows atmospheric O2 and CO2 mixing ratios as well as their diurnal cycles over a three day period in May 2005 from flask samples collected at 3 different heights (1, 4 and 12m) in an  undisturbed forest in central Germany. An average O2/CO2 ratio of 0.99 was estimated with very little variation between the three different heights. In addition, the “night time” average value of atmospheric O2/CO2 ratio did not show any significant difference from the average “daytime” value.


Author's Names: E. Kozlova, A.C. Manning, A. Jordan and W. Brand
Filesize: 40.34 Kb
Added on: 01-Aug-2005 Downloads: 23
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  LAND-USE COVER CHANGE AND CARBON FLUX IN A HIMALAYAN WATERSHED 
Description:

Based on satellite imagery for the 1988s and 2001s, land-use/cover change and associated carbon stock and flux as a result of changes were estimated in Mamlay watershed of Sikkim Himalaya, India. The total area of forest was decreased by 28%, whereas open cropped area increased by more than 100%. The conversion of forests into other land-uses resulted in a remarkable decline in the C densities. Across the land-use/cover, total mean C densities ranged from 46 t ha-1 in open cropped area temperate to a high of 669 t ha-1 in temperate natural dense forest. The heavily converted areas lost an estimated 55% of their total 1988 C pools, whereas the low impacted area lost only 0.12%. Changes in land-use released 7.78 tC ha-1 yr-1, demonstrating that land-use changes significantly affected C flux. Therefore, the conversion of forest to agriculture land should be reversed.


Author's Names: Purnima Sharma, and S.C. Rai
Filesize: 28.59 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 20
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  LEAF AND BRANCH PRODUCTIVITY OF SEVERAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF NORTHEASTERN MEXICO 
Description:

Leaf and branch biomass productivity of plant communities have been little studied in northern Mexico. Global warming concerns are prompting research dealing with biomass production and carbon sequestration by plant communities. Biomass components and productivity are key pieces of information for running several carbon models. In this research, we developed information on leaf and branch biomass productivity of sixteen different plant communities encompassing native pine, oak, shrub, and exotic pine forests. We established sampling plots, measured dasometric features of trees, and collected leaf and branch biomass for periods of 7 to 21 days during 2004 in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Results indicate that leaf and branch productivity is on the average 3.70 Mg ha-1 y-1 (±0.98 Mg ha-1 y-1) with only two plant communities (intermittent riverine Tamaulipan matorral and upland planted Cupressus spp communities) surpassing 7 Mg ha-1 y-1. The exotic pine species (P. nelsoni, P. pinceana, and P. cembroides) planted in proceeding trials produced less than 3 Mg ha-1 y-1. The statistical analysis of this information showed large spatial and temporal variations. The former was explained by microsite and plant density. The last source of variation was partially dependent on climate fluctuations and the natural annual productivity cycle. Further research is required to understand the fate of leaf and branch on soils.


Author's Names: J. Návar1, and O.L. López
Filesize: 93.44 Kb
Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 22
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     Talk History
Friday, September 30
· Discussion Panel
· Nitrogen Regulation of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems in Respons
· The Role of Water Relations in Driving Grassland Ecosystem Responses to Rising A
· Unraveling the Decline in High-latitude Surface Ocean Carbonate
Thursday, September 29
· Hazards of Temperature on Food Availability in Changing Environments (HOT-FACE)
· The Amazon and the Modern Carbon Cycle
· New Coupled Climate-carbon Simulations from the IPSL Model
· The Changing Carbon Cycle
· What are the Most Important Factors for Climate-carbon Cycle Coupling?
· CO2 Uptake of the Marine Biosphere
· European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i
· Persistence of Nitrogen Limitation over Terrestrial Carbon Uptake
· Atmospheric CO2, Carbon Isotopes, the Sun, and Climate Change over the Last Mill
· Proposing a Mechanistic Understanding of Atmospheric CO2 During the late Pleist
· Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4) and Climate Evolution since 650 kyrs Deduced from Anta
Wednesday, September 28
· (In and) Out of Africa: Estimating the Carbon Exchange of a Continent
· Recent Shifts in Soil Dynamics on Growing Season Length, Productivity, and...
· Interannual Variability in the Carbon Exchange Using an Ecosystem-fire Model
· Photosynthesis and Respiration in Forests in Response to Environmental Changes
· Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in Japan
· Estimating Landscape-level Carbon Fluxes from Tower CO2 Mixing Ratio Measurement
· Monitoring Effects in Climate and Fire Regime on Net Ecosystem Production
· Radiative Forcing from a Boreal Forest Fire
· The Influence of Soil and Water Management on Carbon Erosion and Burial
· Spatial and Temporal Patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes in Ecosystems
· Modeling the History of Terrestrial Carbon Sources and Sinks
· The Age of Carbon Respired from Terrestrial Ecosystems
· Discussion Panel
· The Underpinnings of Land Use History
Tuesday, September 27
· Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories

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The 7th International CO2 Conference

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September 25th - 30th
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